28-08-2013, 02:56 PM
Automation Basics
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Objectives
To get overview about automation .
To know about basic elements involved in the automation process
To know how automation has been working in the domestic and industrial spheres.
To understand how communication has helped in automation of many things.
To understand advantages and limitations of automation
What one will learn ?
What are the basic elements of Automation ?
Why automation is necessary ?
What are the different technologies available for the automation.?
Where automation exists ?
What are the different controllers ?
What is SCADA and DCS ?
How communication is playing a vital role in the process of Automation ?
What are the different protocols used in Automation?
What is Automation ?
The dictionary defines automation as “The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.”
Automation federation define automation as
“ The creation and application of technology to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services.”
Range of Technologies involved in AUTOMATION
Automation involves a very broad range of technologies including
Robotics
Expert systems
(an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert )
3 Telemetry and communications
4 Electro-optics
Electro-optics is a branch of technology involving components, devices and systems which operate by modification of the optical properties of a material by an electric field.
5 Cyber security,
( protecting your personal information or any form of digital asset stored in your computer or in any digital memory device)
6 Process measurement and control,
7 Sensors,
8 wireless applications, systems integration, test measurement, and many, many more.
Where Automation exists ?
Automation encompasses many vital elements, systems, and job functions.
Manufacturing , including food and pharmaceutical, chemical and petroleum, pulp and paper
Transportation , including automotive, aerospace, and rail
Utilities , including water and waste water, oil and gas, electric power, and telecommunications
Defense
Facility operations , including security, environmental control, energy management, safety, and other building automation
…..And many others
Controller
Controllers are essentially small, purpose-built computers with input and output capabilities.
These controllers come in a range of sizes and capabilities to control devices commonly found in buildings, and to control sub-networks of controllers.
Inputs allow a controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, current flow, air flow, and other essential factors.
The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system.
Inputs and outputs can be either digital or analog
DCS and SCADA
DCS is a very broad term used in a variety of industries, to monitor and control distributed equipment.
SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. SCADA systems perform data collection and control at the supervisory level. Some systems labeled as SCADA perform data acquisition only.
A SCADA system should not be critical to the controlled process. The SCADA connects to a PLC or real time device, so there is a separate or integrated real-time automated control system that responds quickly enough to compensate for process changes within the time constants of the process.
The SCADA controls and monitors the process, but the process must also run independently from the SCADA system in case of failure.
Summary
Automation has a wide spread presence in almost every industry and homes
Automation systems consist of sensors controllers and an actuators.
There are variety of sensors depending on the physical quantity to be controlled. In power system the most common sensors are CTs and PTs
The simplest type of controller is a comparator and the advanced controllers are programmable and are capable of handling number of inputs and outputs. Microcontrollers and computers are widely used these days in the automation.
Controllers must be programmed for the given sets of Inputs and outputs to get the desirable results. All the intelligence is embedded in the controller after programming in higher level languages and using suitable compilers.
There are different types of actuators controlling linear and rotational motion and the most common actuators are Solenoids ,Relays and Motors
Communication plays a very important role in the Automation system and depending on the application a particular Protocol is used. Internet technology has revolutionized the automation. In Substation Automation 61850 protocol is used for acquiring data .
Automation has many advantages including making our lives comfortable and enable human beings to do the things which otherwise would have been impossible to do manually with same efficiency and accuracy.
Automation changes the nature of jobs and demands new skills and it is a myth that it leads to unemployment…It has shifted the focus from Manufacturing industries to the Service related industries
[attachment=57528]
Objectives
To get overview about automation .
To know about basic elements involved in the automation process
To know how automation has been working in the domestic and industrial spheres.
To understand how communication has helped in automation of many things.
To understand advantages and limitations of automation
What one will learn ?
What are the basic elements of Automation ?
Why automation is necessary ?
What are the different technologies available for the automation.?
Where automation exists ?
What are the different controllers ?
What is SCADA and DCS ?
How communication is playing a vital role in the process of Automation ?
What are the different protocols used in Automation?
What is Automation ?
The dictionary defines automation as “The technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically.”
Automation federation define automation as
“ The creation and application of technology to monitor and control the production and delivery of products and services.”
Range of Technologies involved in AUTOMATION
Automation involves a very broad range of technologies including
Robotics
Expert systems
(an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert )
3 Telemetry and communications
4 Electro-optics
Electro-optics is a branch of technology involving components, devices and systems which operate by modification of the optical properties of a material by an electric field.
5 Cyber security,
( protecting your personal information or any form of digital asset stored in your computer or in any digital memory device)
6 Process measurement and control,
7 Sensors,
8 wireless applications, systems integration, test measurement, and many, many more.
Where Automation exists ?
Automation encompasses many vital elements, systems, and job functions.
Manufacturing , including food and pharmaceutical, chemical and petroleum, pulp and paper
Transportation , including automotive, aerospace, and rail
Utilities , including water and waste water, oil and gas, electric power, and telecommunications
Defense
Facility operations , including security, environmental control, energy management, safety, and other building automation
…..And many others
Controller
Controllers are essentially small, purpose-built computers with input and output capabilities.
These controllers come in a range of sizes and capabilities to control devices commonly found in buildings, and to control sub-networks of controllers.
Inputs allow a controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, current flow, air flow, and other essential factors.
The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system.
Inputs and outputs can be either digital or analog
DCS and SCADA
DCS is a very broad term used in a variety of industries, to monitor and control distributed equipment.
SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. SCADA systems perform data collection and control at the supervisory level. Some systems labeled as SCADA perform data acquisition only.
A SCADA system should not be critical to the controlled process. The SCADA connects to a PLC or real time device, so there is a separate or integrated real-time automated control system that responds quickly enough to compensate for process changes within the time constants of the process.
The SCADA controls and monitors the process, but the process must also run independently from the SCADA system in case of failure.
Summary
Automation has a wide spread presence in almost every industry and homes
Automation systems consist of sensors controllers and an actuators.
There are variety of sensors depending on the physical quantity to be controlled. In power system the most common sensors are CTs and PTs
The simplest type of controller is a comparator and the advanced controllers are programmable and are capable of handling number of inputs and outputs. Microcontrollers and computers are widely used these days in the automation.
Controllers must be programmed for the given sets of Inputs and outputs to get the desirable results. All the intelligence is embedded in the controller after programming in higher level languages and using suitable compilers.
There are different types of actuators controlling linear and rotational motion and the most common actuators are Solenoids ,Relays and Motors
Communication plays a very important role in the Automation system and depending on the application a particular Protocol is used. Internet technology has revolutionized the automation. In Substation Automation 61850 protocol is used for acquiring data .
Automation has many advantages including making our lives comfortable and enable human beings to do the things which otherwise would have been impossible to do manually with same efficiency and accuracy.
Automation changes the nature of jobs and demands new skills and it is a myth that it leads to unemployment…It has shifted the focus from Manufacturing industries to the Service related industries