30-08-2013, 04:56 PM
ANTI-COLLISION TRAIN
[attachment=57642]
OBJECTIVE :-
This project aims in the development of highly cost effective anti-collision detector using the implementation of RF and LASER in automation of signals. By this project we can avoid train collision by giving necessary signals automatically. I Automatic gate controller is an added feature of this project. It can easily be customized as per requirements and available resources to suit the needs of Indian railways. The idea has been successfully tested and the working prototype can be developed.
WORKING OF ANTI-COLLISION DETECTOR:
The engines of trains are equipped with microcontroller containing all the data and information about all the trains. Practically, in Indian railway the microcontroller contains the registration nos. of trains. The motor which runs the train is under the control of microcontroller. On the head lamp of engines of train A and train B are added a photo diode and a laser that emits pulses at fixed time intervals. If train B is moving on the same track towards the train A then the laser emitted by the train B will be sensed at engine of train A resulting in microcontroller to stop the motor and thus stopping train. Thus the working of anti-collision detector is based on a bi-directional process.
TECHNICAL DETAILS:
RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULE: These modules are now widely and cheaply available with the operating frequency of 433 MHz. The transmitter module accepts serial data. The encoder IC takes in parallel data at the TX side packages it into serial format and then transmits it with the help of a RF transmitter module. At the RX end, the decoder IC receives the signal via the RF receiver module, decodes the serial data and reproduces the original data in the parallel format.
FEATURES
Range in open space (Standard Conditions): 100 Meters
RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
Low Power Consumption
Easy For Application
RX Operating Voltage: 5V
TX Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
TX Supply Voltage: 3V ~ 6V
THE TX433 (Transmission Module): The TX433 wireless RF transmitter uses on/off keying to transmit data to the matching receiver, RX433. The data input “keys” the saw resonator in the transmitter when the input is +3 volts or greater, AM modulating the data onto the 433 MHz carrier. The data is then demodulated by the receiver, which accurately reproduces the original data. The data input is CMOS level Compatible when the unit is run on +5 volts.
INNOVATIVENESS AND USEFULNESS OF PROJECT
Safety violations due to ‘human errors or limitations’ and ‘equipment failures’ occasionally result in Train collisions. ‘Anti-Collision Device Network’ is an on-board train collision prevention system.
1. The Anti-Collision Device (ACD) is a self-acting microprocessor-based data communication device. When installed on locomotives (along with an auto-braking unit - ABU), guard vans, stations and level-crossing gates (both manned and unmanned), the network of ACD systems prevents high-speed collisions in mid-sections, station areas and at level-crossing gates. The ACD uses both radio frequency and laser technology whereby a train is automatically brought to a halt if the track ahead is not clear. The train starts braking 3 kms ahead of a blockade
2. Due to natural or manual reasons, tracks are found to be cracked which can lead to accidents. The project is able to detect the cracks in railway tracks.
3. Now a days, India is the country which having worlds largest railway network. Over hundreds of railways running on track everyday. As railway has straightway running as well as it has somewhat risky and dangerous as per as general public and traffic concern. As we know that it is surely impossible to stop the running train at instant is some critical situation or emergency arises. Therefore at the places of traffic density, suburban areas and crossings there is severe need to install a railway gate in view of protection purpose. Obviously at each and every gate there must be a attendant to operate and maintain it. In view of that, if we calculate the places of railway crossings and such places where it would to be install and overall expenditure, the graph arises and arises at the extent. This is an added feature of the project.
[attachment=57642]
OBJECTIVE :-
This project aims in the development of highly cost effective anti-collision detector using the implementation of RF and LASER in automation of signals. By this project we can avoid train collision by giving necessary signals automatically. I Automatic gate controller is an added feature of this project. It can easily be customized as per requirements and available resources to suit the needs of Indian railways. The idea has been successfully tested and the working prototype can be developed.
WORKING OF ANTI-COLLISION DETECTOR:
The engines of trains are equipped with microcontroller containing all the data and information about all the trains. Practically, in Indian railway the microcontroller contains the registration nos. of trains. The motor which runs the train is under the control of microcontroller. On the head lamp of engines of train A and train B are added a photo diode and a laser that emits pulses at fixed time intervals. If train B is moving on the same track towards the train A then the laser emitted by the train B will be sensed at engine of train A resulting in microcontroller to stop the motor and thus stopping train. Thus the working of anti-collision detector is based on a bi-directional process.
TECHNICAL DETAILS:
RF TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER MODULE: These modules are now widely and cheaply available with the operating frequency of 433 MHz. The transmitter module accepts serial data. The encoder IC takes in parallel data at the TX side packages it into serial format and then transmits it with the help of a RF transmitter module. At the RX end, the decoder IC receives the signal via the RF receiver module, decodes the serial data and reproduces the original data in the parallel format.
FEATURES
Range in open space (Standard Conditions): 100 Meters
RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
Low Power Consumption
Easy For Application
RX Operating Voltage: 5V
TX Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
TX Supply Voltage: 3V ~ 6V
THE TX433 (Transmission Module): The TX433 wireless RF transmitter uses on/off keying to transmit data to the matching receiver, RX433. The data input “keys” the saw resonator in the transmitter when the input is +3 volts or greater, AM modulating the data onto the 433 MHz carrier. The data is then demodulated by the receiver, which accurately reproduces the original data. The data input is CMOS level Compatible when the unit is run on +5 volts.
INNOVATIVENESS AND USEFULNESS OF PROJECT
Safety violations due to ‘human errors or limitations’ and ‘equipment failures’ occasionally result in Train collisions. ‘Anti-Collision Device Network’ is an on-board train collision prevention system.
1. The Anti-Collision Device (ACD) is a self-acting microprocessor-based data communication device. When installed on locomotives (along with an auto-braking unit - ABU), guard vans, stations and level-crossing gates (both manned and unmanned), the network of ACD systems prevents high-speed collisions in mid-sections, station areas and at level-crossing gates. The ACD uses both radio frequency and laser technology whereby a train is automatically brought to a halt if the track ahead is not clear. The train starts braking 3 kms ahead of a blockade
2. Due to natural or manual reasons, tracks are found to be cracked which can lead to accidents. The project is able to detect the cracks in railway tracks.
3. Now a days, India is the country which having worlds largest railway network. Over hundreds of railways running on track everyday. As railway has straightway running as well as it has somewhat risky and dangerous as per as general public and traffic concern. As we know that it is surely impossible to stop the running train at instant is some critical situation or emergency arises. Therefore at the places of traffic density, suburban areas and crossings there is severe need to install a railway gate in view of protection purpose. Obviously at each and every gate there must be a attendant to operate and maintain it. In view of that, if we calculate the places of railway crossings and such places where it would to be install and overall expenditure, the graph arises and arises at the extent. This is an added feature of the project.