13-09-2013, 12:12 PM
REPLACING PASSPORT USING BIO-CHIP
[attachment=57987]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to render the travel document more secure and establish a more reliable link between the holder of
the passport and travel document. The biochip is designed for avoiding duplicate passport books and checking systems. It stores
personal data of the passport holder, which contains just a collection of read only files. Biochip implant is basically a small (micro)
computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID)
system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader.
INTRODUCTION
To combat increasing international crime and protect against
forgery, countries around the world need to replace the
passports using biochip. The really powered biochip systems
can replace passports. Payment system, authentication
procedures may all be done by the means of biochips.
Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in
Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in
1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300
zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries,
pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic "branding"
of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered
wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and
humans. Biochips are "silently" inching into humans. For
instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial
body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants,
etc., are implanted in people each year. And most of these
medical devices are carrying a "surprise" guest — a biochip.
In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe
Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all
artificial body implants to have "implanted" identification —
the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic
devices and breast implants are "bio chipped". To date, over 7
million animals have been "chipped". The major biochip
companies are A.V.I.D. (American Veterinary Identification
Devices), Traven Identification Systems, and Destroy-Fearing
Corporation.
WORKING OF A BIOCHIP
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in
this case via radio signals, which "activates" the implanted
biochip. This "activation" enables the biochip to send the ID
code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies
the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and
displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The
reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the
biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can
communicate through most materials, except metal.
RFID TECHNOLOGY
RFID stands for radio-frequency identification. The
acronym refers to small electronic devices that consist of a
small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is capable of
carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less.
A basic RFID system consists of three components:
An antenna or coil
A transceiver (with decoder)
A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed
with unique information
The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag
and to read and write data to it.
The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere
from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon
its power output and the radio frequency used. When
an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic
zone, it detects the reader's activation signal
Working of RFID system
The main component of this technology is the transponder
which in most cases comprises of a chip and antenna mounted
onto a substrate or an enclosure. The chip consists of a
processor, memory and radio transmitter. These transponders
communicate via radio frequency to a reader, which has its
own antennas. The readers can interface through wired or
wireless medium to a main computer. Transponders are also
known as smart or radio tags. The memory will vary,
depending on the manufacturer, from just a few characters to
kilobytes.
Transponders can either be Read Only (R/O) which are pre-
programmed with a unique identification or they can be Read
Write (R/W) for applications that require data to be stored in
the transponder and can be updated dynamically. Another
form of transponder is Write Once Read Many times
(WORM). This will allow for an identification number to be
written to the transponder once. The information is stored in
the memory, it cannot be changed but the transponder can be
read many times.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of electronic passport has not been
without challenges, and some continue to challenge the use of
contact less technology in the passport and other identity
documents. Privacy groups voiced substantial concerns about
the means by which the data and picture are stored, and
questions regarding the effectiveness of the biometric
technology still remain. At the same time, other government
agencies have chosen different technologies for securing their
identity documents, and new opinions on the use of Biochip
using RFID technology for identity purposes have been
formed. Congress has set arbitrary deadlines for
implementations without understanding the technological
challenges involved.
[attachment=57987]
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to render the travel document more secure and establish a more reliable link between the holder of
the passport and travel document. The biochip is designed for avoiding duplicate passport books and checking systems. It stores
personal data of the passport holder, which contains just a collection of read only files. Biochip implant is basically a small (micro)
computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID)
system, using low-frequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader.
INTRODUCTION
To combat increasing international crime and protect against
forgery, countries around the world need to replace the
passports using biochip. The really powered biochip systems
can replace passports. Payment system, authentication
procedures may all be done by the means of biochips.
Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in
Biology. The biochip technology was originally developed in
1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300
zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries,
pets (everything from lizards to dogs), electronic "branding"
of horses, monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered
wildlife, automobiles, garment tracking, hazardous waste, and
humans. Biochips are "silently" inching into humans. For
instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial
body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants,
etc., are implanted in people each year. And most of these
medical devices are carrying a "surprise" guest — a biochip.
In 1993, the Food and Drug Administration passed the Safe
Medical Devices Registration Act of 1993, requiring all
artificial body implants to have "implanted" identification —
the biochip. So, the yearly, 6 million recipients of prosthetic
devices and breast implants are "bio chipped". To date, over 7
million animals have been "chipped". The major biochip
companies are A.V.I.D. (American Veterinary Identification
Devices), Traven Identification Systems, and Destroy-Fearing
Corporation.
WORKING OF A BIOCHIP
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in
this case via radio signals, which "activates" the implanted
biochip. This "activation" enables the biochip to send the ID
code back to the reader via radio signals. The reader amplifies
the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and
displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The
reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the
biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can
communicate through most materials, except metal.
RFID TECHNOLOGY
RFID stands for radio-frequency identification. The
acronym refers to small electronic devices that consist of a
small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is capable of
carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less.
A basic RFID system consists of three components:
An antenna or coil
A transceiver (with decoder)
A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed
with unique information
The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag
and to read and write data to it.
The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere
from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon
its power output and the radio frequency used. When
an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic
zone, it detects the reader's activation signal
Working of RFID system
The main component of this technology is the transponder
which in most cases comprises of a chip and antenna mounted
onto a substrate or an enclosure. The chip consists of a
processor, memory and radio transmitter. These transponders
communicate via radio frequency to a reader, which has its
own antennas. The readers can interface through wired or
wireless medium to a main computer. Transponders are also
known as smart or radio tags. The memory will vary,
depending on the manufacturer, from just a few characters to
kilobytes.
Transponders can either be Read Only (R/O) which are pre-
programmed with a unique identification or they can be Read
Write (R/W) for applications that require data to be stored in
the transponder and can be updated dynamically. Another
form of transponder is Write Once Read Many times
(WORM). This will allow for an identification number to be
written to the transponder once. The information is stored in
the memory, it cannot be changed but the transponder can be
read many times.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of electronic passport has not been
without challenges, and some continue to challenge the use of
contact less technology in the passport and other identity
documents. Privacy groups voiced substantial concerns about
the means by which the data and picture are stored, and
questions regarding the effectiveness of the biometric
technology still remain. At the same time, other government
agencies have chosen different technologies for securing their
identity documents, and new opinions on the use of Biochip
using RFID technology for identity purposes have been
formed. Congress has set arbitrary deadlines for
implementations without understanding the technological
challenges involved.