14-09-2013, 01:55 PM
Nuclear Chemistry
[attachment=58059]
Objectives
Describe the process of nuclear decay
Classify nuclear radiation as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays
Balance nuclear equations
Identify sources of nuclear radiation, and describe how nuclear radiation affects matter
Describe methods of detecting nuclear radition
Radioactivity
Definition
- process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
ex.
- radiation existed before the human race
ex. earth, atmosphere, sun
- all elements have a greater atomic number than 82, lead, are radioactive, called radioisotopes
- nuclei go through changes by emitting particles or releasing energy
- element can transform into an isotope or an entirely new element: aka: nuclear decay
Gamma Decay
Definition
- high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay
- not made of matter and do not have an electric charge
- form of electromagnetic energy (pure energy)
ex. light
- very fast and able to penetrate most materials such a 7 cm of lead
- can be harmful to our bodies, suffer structural damage
Radioactive Decay Rates (Half Life)
Definition
- the time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay
- impossible to predict the moment any nucleus will decay, but it is possible to predict the time it will take for half the nuclei to decay
- different radioactive isotopes have different half lives varying form nanoseconds to billions of years
- can predict the approximate age of a sample
Objectives
Describe how the strong nuclear force affects the composition of a nucleus
Distinguish between fusion and fission, and provide examples of each
Recognize the equivalence of mass and energy, and why small losses in mass release large amounts of energy
Explain what a chain reaction is, how on is initiated, and how it can be controlled
[attachment=58059]
Objectives
Describe the process of nuclear decay
Classify nuclear radiation as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays
Balance nuclear equations
Identify sources of nuclear radiation, and describe how nuclear radiation affects matter
Describe methods of detecting nuclear radition
Radioactivity
Definition
- process by which an unstable nucleus emits one or more particles of energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation
ex.
- radiation existed before the human race
ex. earth, atmosphere, sun
- all elements have a greater atomic number than 82, lead, are radioactive, called radioisotopes
- nuclei go through changes by emitting particles or releasing energy
- element can transform into an isotope or an entirely new element: aka: nuclear decay
Gamma Decay
Definition
- high energy electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus during radioactive decay
- not made of matter and do not have an electric charge
- form of electromagnetic energy (pure energy)
ex. light
- very fast and able to penetrate most materials such a 7 cm of lead
- can be harmful to our bodies, suffer structural damage
Radioactive Decay Rates (Half Life)
Definition
- the time required for half a sample of radioactive nuclei to decay
- impossible to predict the moment any nucleus will decay, but it is possible to predict the time it will take for half the nuclei to decay
- different radioactive isotopes have different half lives varying form nanoseconds to billions of years
- can predict the approximate age of a sample
Objectives
Describe how the strong nuclear force affects the composition of a nucleus
Distinguish between fusion and fission, and provide examples of each
Recognize the equivalence of mass and energy, and why small losses in mass release large amounts of energy
Explain what a chain reaction is, how on is initiated, and how it can be controlled