11-01-2014, 11:34 AM
VANET Routing on City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic Information
[attachment=59828]
Abstract
This paper presents a class of routing protocols
called road-based using vehicular traffic (RBVT) routing, which
outperforms existing routing protocols in city-based vehicular
ad hoc networks (VANETs). RBVT protocols leverage real-time
vehicular traffic information to create road-based paths consisting
of successions of road intersections that have, with high probabil-
ity, network connectivity among them. Geographical forwarding
is used to transfer packets between intersections on the path,
reducing the path’s sensitivity to individual node movements. For
dense networks with high contention, we optimize the forwarding
using a distributed receiver-based election of next hops based
on a multicriterion prioritization function that takes nonuniform
radio propagation into account. We designed and implemented a
reactive protocol RBVT-R and a proactive protocol RBVT-P and
compared them with protocols representative of mobile ad hoc
networks and VANETs. Simulation results in urban settings show
that RBVT-R performs best in terms of average delivery rate, with
up to a 40% increase compared with some existing protocols. In
terms of average delay, RBVT-P performs best, with as much as
an 85% decrease compared with the other protocols.
INTRODUCTION
VEHICULAR ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected
to support a large spectrum of mobile distributed ap-
plications that range from traffic alert dissemination and dy-
namic route planning to context-aware advertisement and file
sharing [1]–[5]. Considering the large number of nodes that
participate in these networks and their high mobility, debates
still exist about the feasibility of applications that use end-
to-end multihop communication. The main concern is whether
the performance of VANET routing protocols can satisfy the
throughput and delay requirements of such applications. This
paper focuses on VANET routing in city-based scenarios.
RBVT P ROTOCOLS
The RBVT routing protocols leverage real-time vehicular
traffic information to create road-based paths. RBVT paths can
be created on demand or proactively. We designed and imple-
mented two RBVT protocols, each illustrating a method of path
creation: 1) a reactive protocol RBVT-R and 2) a proactive
protocol RBVT-P. The RBVT protocols assume that each ve-
hicle is equipped with a GPS receiver, digital maps (e.g., Tiger
Line database [21]), and a navigation system that maps GPS po-
sitions on roads. Vehicles exchange packets using short-range
wireless interfaces such as IEEE 802.11 [
RBVT-P: Proactive Road-Based Routing
RBVT-P is a proactive routing algorithm that periodically
discovers and disseminates the road-based network topology to
maintain a relatively consistent view of the network connec-
tivity at each node. Each node uses this (near) real-time graph
of the connected road segments to compute shortest paths to
each intersection. RBVT-P assumes that a source can query a
location service (e.g., GLS [27]) to determine the position of
the destination when it needs to send data.
1) Topology Discovery: Proactive routing algorithms [28]
use various forms of flooding to discover and update the net-
work topology. To keep up with VANET’s mobility, flooding
may be required quite often, and the routing overhead would
lead to heavy congestion in the network.
R ELATED W ORK
Routing has been a major research topic in MANETs. AODV
[8], DSDV [42], DSR [9], and OLSR [28] are node-centric
MANET protocols in which topological end-to-end paths are
created. To improve on their performance in VANETs, solutions
have been proposed, which exploit the knowledge of relative
velocities between nodes and the constrained movements of
vehicles [43]–[45]. This information is used to select nodes
with high relative velocity to the destination, predict the lifetime
of routes, or reduce the number of route breaks by selecting,
during the route creation, nodes that move in the same direction
and with a small relative speed. RBVT routing differs from
these protocols in that the routes are road based, and their main
components are the road intersections that were traversed on the
path from the source to the destination.
[attachment=59828]
Abstract
This paper presents a class of routing protocols
called road-based using vehicular traffic (RBVT) routing, which
outperforms existing routing protocols in city-based vehicular
ad hoc networks (VANETs). RBVT protocols leverage real-time
vehicular traffic information to create road-based paths consisting
of successions of road intersections that have, with high probabil-
ity, network connectivity among them. Geographical forwarding
is used to transfer packets between intersections on the path,
reducing the path’s sensitivity to individual node movements. For
dense networks with high contention, we optimize the forwarding
using a distributed receiver-based election of next hops based
on a multicriterion prioritization function that takes nonuniform
radio propagation into account. We designed and implemented a
reactive protocol RBVT-R and a proactive protocol RBVT-P and
compared them with protocols representative of mobile ad hoc
networks and VANETs. Simulation results in urban settings show
that RBVT-R performs best in terms of average delivery rate, with
up to a 40% increase compared with some existing protocols. In
terms of average delay, RBVT-P performs best, with as much as
an 85% decrease compared with the other protocols.
INTRODUCTION
VEHICULAR ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected
to support a large spectrum of mobile distributed ap-
plications that range from traffic alert dissemination and dy-
namic route planning to context-aware advertisement and file
sharing [1]–[5]. Considering the large number of nodes that
participate in these networks and their high mobility, debates
still exist about the feasibility of applications that use end-
to-end multihop communication. The main concern is whether
the performance of VANET routing protocols can satisfy the
throughput and delay requirements of such applications. This
paper focuses on VANET routing in city-based scenarios.
RBVT P ROTOCOLS
The RBVT routing protocols leverage real-time vehicular
traffic information to create road-based paths. RBVT paths can
be created on demand or proactively. We designed and imple-
mented two RBVT protocols, each illustrating a method of path
creation: 1) a reactive protocol RBVT-R and 2) a proactive
protocol RBVT-P. The RBVT protocols assume that each ve-
hicle is equipped with a GPS receiver, digital maps (e.g., Tiger
Line database [21]), and a navigation system that maps GPS po-
sitions on roads. Vehicles exchange packets using short-range
wireless interfaces such as IEEE 802.11 [
RBVT-P: Proactive Road-Based Routing
RBVT-P is a proactive routing algorithm that periodically
discovers and disseminates the road-based network topology to
maintain a relatively consistent view of the network connec-
tivity at each node. Each node uses this (near) real-time graph
of the connected road segments to compute shortest paths to
each intersection. RBVT-P assumes that a source can query a
location service (e.g., GLS [27]) to determine the position of
the destination when it needs to send data.
1) Topology Discovery: Proactive routing algorithms [28]
use various forms of flooding to discover and update the net-
work topology. To keep up with VANET’s mobility, flooding
may be required quite often, and the routing overhead would
lead to heavy congestion in the network.
R ELATED W ORK
Routing has been a major research topic in MANETs. AODV
[8], DSDV [42], DSR [9], and OLSR [28] are node-centric
MANET protocols in which topological end-to-end paths are
created. To improve on their performance in VANETs, solutions
have been proposed, which exploit the knowledge of relative
velocities between nodes and the constrained movements of
vehicles [43]–[45]. This information is used to select nodes
with high relative velocity to the destination, predict the lifetime
of routes, or reduce the number of route breaks by selecting,
during the route creation, nodes that move in the same direction
and with a small relative speed. RBVT routing differs from
these protocols in that the routes are road based, and their main
components are the road intersections that were traversed on the
path from the source to the destination.