17-03-2014, 06:43 PM
Abstract:
Karyotyping is the process of identifying and
arranging chromosomes in a proper order such that
the resulting arrangement helps the geneticist in the
identification of missing and structurally improper
chromosomes , which in turn helps in arriving at
genetic factors associated with diagnosis of diseases.
Though there are lot of software packages available
to perform automatic karyotyping, the accuracy of
these are severely limited by the presence of
occlusion. In the event of occlusion, manual
intervention is required to finish the process of
karyotyping which consumes more time. Taking
into account this main limitation faced by the
automatic karyotyping programs, a novel technique
has been developed to identify chromosomes even
in the presence of occlusion. The technique makes
use of the evolutionary algorithm at a micro level by
extracting a population from the image of occluded
chromosomes and by doing the operations such as
selection, crossover, mutation and reinsertion on the
population. The hidden chromosomes are found out
after certain number of generations. The number of
generations before the result is arrived and the
probability of detection depends on the amount of
occlusion. The technique works well even if the
occlusion is mutual, that is, when both objects
occlude each other and even if 90% of the
chromosome is hidden.
1.Introduction: A karyotype is a systematic
arrangement of chromosomes which helps the
geneticist in identification of genetic factors
associated with a disease. A karyotype is
normally obtained from a photomicrograph of
metaphase chromosomes. Various software
programs are available in the market [1] to
carry out automatic karyotyping and produce a
karyotype.
Figure 1 shows some typical cases in which the
chromosomes have occluded each other. It can
be seen from the figure that the occlusions are
random in nature extending from simple
touching chromosomes shown in case a,
overlapping chromosomes in case b , multiple
overlapping of two chromosomes in case c to
complex occlusion involving touching and
overlapping of more than two chromosomes
shown in case d.
Karyotyping is the process of identifying and
arranging chromosomes in a proper order such that
the resulting arrangement helps the geneticist in the
identification of missing and structurally improper
chromosomes , which in turn helps in arriving at
genetic factors associated with diagnosis of diseases.
Though there are lot of software packages available
to perform automatic karyotyping, the accuracy of
these are severely limited by the presence of
occlusion. In the event of occlusion, manual
intervention is required to finish the process of
karyotyping which consumes more time. Taking
into account this main limitation faced by the
automatic karyotyping programs, a novel technique
has been developed to identify chromosomes even
in the presence of occlusion. The technique makes
use of the evolutionary algorithm at a micro level by
extracting a population from the image of occluded
chromosomes and by doing the operations such as
selection, crossover, mutation and reinsertion on the
population. The hidden chromosomes are found out
after certain number of generations. The number of
generations before the result is arrived and the
probability of detection depends on the amount of
occlusion. The technique works well even if the
occlusion is mutual, that is, when both objects
occlude each other and even if 90% of the
chromosome is hidden.
1.Introduction: A karyotype is a systematic
arrangement of chromosomes which helps the
geneticist in identification of genetic factors
associated with a disease. A karyotype is
normally obtained from a photomicrograph of
metaphase chromosomes. Various software
programs are available in the market [1] to
carry out automatic karyotyping and produce a
karyotype.
Figure 1 shows some typical cases in which the
chromosomes have occluded each other. It can
be seen from the figure that the occlusions are
random in nature extending from simple
touching chromosomes shown in case a,
overlapping chromosomes in case b , multiple
overlapping of two chromosomes in case c to
complex occlusion involving touching and
overlapping of more than two chromosomes
shown in case d.