17-03-2014, 06:48 PM
ABSTRACT
In general, 6 degrees of freedom (OoF) manipulation of 3D virtual
objects requires cumbersome external tracking installations to
localize and track the input device in a normal wearable
augmented reality (WAR) environment. In this paper, a
smartphone-based 6-00F manipulation method is proposed to
avoid the use of complicated installations. First, the proposed 6-
DoF manipulation method (3-DoF translation and 3-DoF rotation)
exploits various embedded sensor information of the smartphone.
Transfer functions are then designed to transfer the phone's 6-
OoF control gain to the 3D display space's object manipulation
gain. According to the experimental results, the quadratic transfer
function was superior to the linear and acceleration functions with
less completion time and errors.
Keywords: Wearable Augmented Reality Environment, NonExternal
Tracking Environment, 3D User Interaction.
Index Terms: R.S.I [Information Interfaces and Presentation]:
Multimedia information systems-Artificial, augmented, and
virtual realities; H.S.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]:
User interfaces-Input interaction styles;
1 INTRODUCTION
Recently, smartphones including handheld devices are often
regarded as multipurpose portable computers and becoming more
capable with various functionalities through embedded complex
sensors, high-performance processing units, and wireless
communication modules. These features can be utilized for novel
interaction method in a wearable augmented reality (WAR)
environment [I].
Phones have been used as a ubiquitous input device to
manipulate virtual 3D objects in a WAR environment. Especially,
they are used as substitutes for existing desktop input devices such
as a keyboard or mouse, which are difficult to carry. For example,
the discrete I-DoF manipulation is achieved by a button input. 2-
OoF manipulation is achieved using a touch screen or joystick and
3-DoF manipulation is achieved using motion sensor such as tilt,
an accelerometer, or gyro sensors [2-3].
However, 6-DoF manipulation of virtual 3D objects requires
cnmbersome external tracking installations (e.g., camera,
magnetic, ultrasonic, or infrared based trackers) to localize and
track the input device in a normal WAR environment. Thus, a 6-
DoF manipulation cannot be worked in the normal indoor/outdoor
environment, where tracking installation does not exist. In
addition, it is difficult to map the control gain of a small input
device (phone) to the 3D object manipulation gain of a large
WAR environment efficiently.
* E-mail: taejinha[at]kaist.ac.kr
+ E-mail: wwoo[at]kaist.ac.kr
IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2013
16-17 March, Orlando, FL, USA
978-1-4673-6098-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE
In this paper, a phone-based virtual 3D object manipulation
method is proposed to enable 6-DoF manipulation of 3D objects
without cumbersome external tracking installations and to
enhance manipulation performance by designing control to
display (C-D) gain mapping function and empirically evaluating
function parameters. This study will be helpful for the design and
implementation of future phone-based 3D user interfaces in nextgeneration
AR tours, games, filmmaking, interior design, and
more in the WAR environment without any external tracking
installation.
In general, 6 degrees of freedom (OoF) manipulation of 3D virtual
objects requires cumbersome external tracking installations to
localize and track the input device in a normal wearable
augmented reality (WAR) environment. In this paper, a
smartphone-based 6-00F manipulation method is proposed to
avoid the use of complicated installations. First, the proposed 6-
DoF manipulation method (3-DoF translation and 3-DoF rotation)
exploits various embedded sensor information of the smartphone.
Transfer functions are then designed to transfer the phone's 6-
OoF control gain to the 3D display space's object manipulation
gain. According to the experimental results, the quadratic transfer
function was superior to the linear and acceleration functions with
less completion time and errors.
Keywords: Wearable Augmented Reality Environment, NonExternal
Tracking Environment, 3D User Interaction.
Index Terms: R.S.I [Information Interfaces and Presentation]:
Multimedia information systems-Artificial, augmented, and
virtual realities; H.S.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]:
User interfaces-Input interaction styles;
1 INTRODUCTION
Recently, smartphones including handheld devices are often
regarded as multipurpose portable computers and becoming more
capable with various functionalities through embedded complex
sensors, high-performance processing units, and wireless
communication modules. These features can be utilized for novel
interaction method in a wearable augmented reality (WAR)
environment [I].
Phones have been used as a ubiquitous input device to
manipulate virtual 3D objects in a WAR environment. Especially,
they are used as substitutes for existing desktop input devices such
as a keyboard or mouse, which are difficult to carry. For example,
the discrete I-DoF manipulation is achieved by a button input. 2-
OoF manipulation is achieved using a touch screen or joystick and
3-DoF manipulation is achieved using motion sensor such as tilt,
an accelerometer, or gyro sensors [2-3].
However, 6-DoF manipulation of virtual 3D objects requires
cnmbersome external tracking installations (e.g., camera,
magnetic, ultrasonic, or infrared based trackers) to localize and
track the input device in a normal WAR environment. Thus, a 6-
DoF manipulation cannot be worked in the normal indoor/outdoor
environment, where tracking installation does not exist. In
addition, it is difficult to map the control gain of a small input
device (phone) to the 3D object manipulation gain of a large
WAR environment efficiently.
* E-mail: taejinha[at]kaist.ac.kr
+ E-mail: wwoo[at]kaist.ac.kr
IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2013
16-17 March, Orlando, FL, USA
978-1-4673-6098-2/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE
In this paper, a phone-based virtual 3D object manipulation
method is proposed to enable 6-DoF manipulation of 3D objects
without cumbersome external tracking installations and to
enhance manipulation performance by designing control to
display (C-D) gain mapping function and empirically evaluating
function parameters. This study will be helpful for the design and
implementation of future phone-based 3D user interfaces in nextgeneration
AR tours, games, filmmaking, interior design, and
more in the WAR environment without any external tracking
installation.