17-03-2014, 07:29 PM
Abstract
Extensive usage of wireless sensor networks is the
reason of development of many routing protocols. In
this paper, the working of few routing protocols has
been discussed, which are energy aware and some of
them also provide reliability in data transmission.
Performance of various protocols has been presented
through simulation results that have been reported by
leading researchers for the purpose of their
comparison. The challenges faced by wireless sensor
networks are also discussed in the paper. These
challenges (i.e. coverage holes, routing holes, jamming
holes, black/sink holes and worm holes) effect the
performance of routing protocols.
1. Introduction
The craving of getting more and more information
about our surrounding has resulted in the creation of
wireless sensor networks. These networks are
composed of tiny sensor nodes, which can sense the
surrounding data and after processing, it can forward
the data to next node. In case of multi-hop networks
several nodes forward the data until it reaches the sink
[1, 2]. Communication between nodes is done using
radio transmitters [2].
Sensor networks have proved themselves beneficial
in almost every aspect of life. In industries, we can
monitor the quality of work and progress easily. They
can also prevent the major disasters by activating the
smoke alarms. In military installations, land mines can
be controlled remotely, can be used to help the
disabled people and weather forecasts can be made
with the help of data collected about temperature and
pressure by sensor nodes[1, 2, 3].
Different routing protocols are used for data
communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
because of several factors (i.e Application for which
the nodes are used, the number of nodes, topology of
network and limitations of energy level available,
energy required for transmission and capability of
processing data)[2].
Research on WSN indicates that energy required
for transmission is greater than the energy required for
processing data. Due to this fact, many energy aware
routing protocols have been introduced. The sensor
networks work on a very small battery having very low
energy. It is near to impossible to change the battery of
a node once it is deployed. In most of the cases, nodes
survive on the energy recharged with the help of
photovoltaic or thermal conversion [4].
Different problems arise during exchanging
messages amongst the wireless nodes, these problems
are known as holes in WSN. There are different types
of holes that appear such as coverage holes, routing
holes, black holes, worm holes and jamming holes.
In this paper different routing protocols for sensor
networks will be discussed and will analyze problem
associated with holes in WSN.
Extensive usage of wireless sensor networks is the
reason of development of many routing protocols. In
this paper, the working of few routing protocols has
been discussed, which are energy aware and some of
them also provide reliability in data transmission.
Performance of various protocols has been presented
through simulation results that have been reported by
leading researchers for the purpose of their
comparison. The challenges faced by wireless sensor
networks are also discussed in the paper. These
challenges (i.e. coverage holes, routing holes, jamming
holes, black/sink holes and worm holes) effect the
performance of routing protocols.
1. Introduction
The craving of getting more and more information
about our surrounding has resulted in the creation of
wireless sensor networks. These networks are
composed of tiny sensor nodes, which can sense the
surrounding data and after processing, it can forward
the data to next node. In case of multi-hop networks
several nodes forward the data until it reaches the sink
[1, 2]. Communication between nodes is done using
radio transmitters [2].
Sensor networks have proved themselves beneficial
in almost every aspect of life. In industries, we can
monitor the quality of work and progress easily. They
can also prevent the major disasters by activating the
smoke alarms. In military installations, land mines can
be controlled remotely, can be used to help the
disabled people and weather forecasts can be made
with the help of data collected about temperature and
pressure by sensor nodes[1, 2, 3].
Different routing protocols are used for data
communication in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
because of several factors (i.e Application for which
the nodes are used, the number of nodes, topology of
network and limitations of energy level available,
energy required for transmission and capability of
processing data)[2].
Research on WSN indicates that energy required
for transmission is greater than the energy required for
processing data. Due to this fact, many energy aware
routing protocols have been introduced. The sensor
networks work on a very small battery having very low
energy. It is near to impossible to change the battery of
a node once it is deployed. In most of the cases, nodes
survive on the energy recharged with the help of
photovoltaic or thermal conversion [4].
Different problems arise during exchanging
messages amongst the wireless nodes, these problems
are known as holes in WSN. There are different types
of holes that appear such as coverage holes, routing
holes, black holes, worm holes and jamming holes.
In this paper different routing protocols for sensor
networks will be discussed and will analyze problem
associated with holes in WSN.