17-03-2014, 10:34 PM
Abstract
This manuscript proposes the automatic design and
synthesis of nanometer circuits and the optimization of
molecular devices by the evolvable hardware
technique. The potential of Evolvable Hardware is
investigated by means of three different applications:
synthesis of molecular electronic circuits, synthesis
and optimization of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata
(QCA) and the optimization of OLED (Organic Light-
Emitting Diodes) parameters. The molecular electronic
circuit synthesis is developed using the molecular
transistor simulated in SPICE. QCA is a new paradigm
used in the development of digital logical circuits, not
using the flow of current. This new paradigm allows
the development of a new generation of computers,
faster and with smaller energy dissipation. Finally, the
optimization of OLED parameters is developed using
the electrical behavior model of a multi-layer device.
In this model, each sub-layer in the emissive layer has
a ratio of ETM (Electron Transport Material) and a
ratio of HTM (Hole Transport Material). The first
results show that the technique is able to synthesize
and optimize circuits that perform the logic specified
by the user, avoiding noise and other problems that
could lead to malfunction. Moreover, the EHW
technique is able to optimize the parameters of an
organic device, such as OLED.
1. Introduction
This manuscript focuses on the integration of two
distinct areas, Nanotechnology and Evolvable
Hardware, aiming at improving the development of
nanometer computational systems.
Gordon Moore has predicted, in 1965, that the
capacity of a computer chip would grow exponentially
with time. Since then, the so-called Moore’s Law had
governed the development and performance of
microprocessors. All the present success in the area has
been achieved due to the miniaturization of transistors,
descendants of electromechanical switches on the role
of codifying digital information.
The use of transistors allowed the development of
the electronic circuit technology. However, this
technology presents serious drawbacks as device sizes
are reduced. One of these problems is the
interconnection because distributing signals over large
distances involves charging long lines. Remarkable
complexity attends the routing of signals on multiple
levels. On the other hand, as transistors become
smaller, the quantization of charge both in the channel
and in the doping layer becomes significant. Finally,
current switching results in huge energy dissipation.
Also, recent studies show that the spatial limits of
conventional electronics will be reached in the next
few years and, as a consequence, the continuous
development of the area is threatened [1].
Thus, in order to maintain the exponential growth
predicted by Moore, it is necessary to study new
computational technologies that leverage the quantum
effects present in the nanometer scale, in order to
define a better way to codify digital information.
In this manuscript, two transistorless approaches
have been studied and their architecture problems
solved by the Evolvable Hardware techniques.
Moreover, a large number of devices, in the
nanometer scale, have been developed, allowing a
great variety of new applications. This manuscript
shows the use of Evolvable Hardware techniques to the
optimization of Organic Light emitting diodes
(OLED), increasing the efficiency.
This manuscript proposes the automatic design and
synthesis of nanometer circuits and the optimization of
molecular devices by the evolvable hardware
technique. The potential of Evolvable Hardware is
investigated by means of three different applications:
synthesis of molecular electronic circuits, synthesis
and optimization of Quantum-dot Cellular Automata
(QCA) and the optimization of OLED (Organic Light-
Emitting Diodes) parameters. The molecular electronic
circuit synthesis is developed using the molecular
transistor simulated in SPICE. QCA is a new paradigm
used in the development of digital logical circuits, not
using the flow of current. This new paradigm allows
the development of a new generation of computers,
faster and with smaller energy dissipation. Finally, the
optimization of OLED parameters is developed using
the electrical behavior model of a multi-layer device.
In this model, each sub-layer in the emissive layer has
a ratio of ETM (Electron Transport Material) and a
ratio of HTM (Hole Transport Material). The first
results show that the technique is able to synthesize
and optimize circuits that perform the logic specified
by the user, avoiding noise and other problems that
could lead to malfunction. Moreover, the EHW
technique is able to optimize the parameters of an
organic device, such as OLED.
1. Introduction
This manuscript focuses on the integration of two
distinct areas, Nanotechnology and Evolvable
Hardware, aiming at improving the development of
nanometer computational systems.
Gordon Moore has predicted, in 1965, that the
capacity of a computer chip would grow exponentially
with time. Since then, the so-called Moore’s Law had
governed the development and performance of
microprocessors. All the present success in the area has
been achieved due to the miniaturization of transistors,
descendants of electromechanical switches on the role
of codifying digital information.
The use of transistors allowed the development of
the electronic circuit technology. However, this
technology presents serious drawbacks as device sizes
are reduced. One of these problems is the
interconnection because distributing signals over large
distances involves charging long lines. Remarkable
complexity attends the routing of signals on multiple
levels. On the other hand, as transistors become
smaller, the quantization of charge both in the channel
and in the doping layer becomes significant. Finally,
current switching results in huge energy dissipation.
Also, recent studies show that the spatial limits of
conventional electronics will be reached in the next
few years and, as a consequence, the continuous
development of the area is threatened [1].
Thus, in order to maintain the exponential growth
predicted by Moore, it is necessary to study new
computational technologies that leverage the quantum
effects present in the nanometer scale, in order to
define a better way to codify digital information.
In this manuscript, two transistorless approaches
have been studied and their architecture problems
solved by the Evolvable Hardware techniques.
Moreover, a large number of devices, in the
nanometer scale, have been developed, allowing a
great variety of new applications. This manuscript
shows the use of Evolvable Hardware techniques to the
optimization of Organic Light emitting diodes
(OLED), increasing the efficiency.