19-03-2014, 02:29 PM
SERVICES FOR PERVASIVE COMPUTING
[b]INTRODUCTION :[/b]
Business and leisure travelers are mostly studied individually because they have different user needs. Business solutions aim to cost efficiency and productivity while people at vacation mainly want to have fun. Different vehicles are part of traveling. Pervasive computing solutions in cars, airplanes and ships are studied briefly. Pervasive computing will emerge as integration of wide variety of technologies. Pervasive computing is an umbrella term meaning computation and communications systems which are always present but mainly transparent to the user. Pervasive computing is supposed to connect us to the information infrastructures in a persistent and productive way. Leisure and business traveling is special focus of this study. These two groups have some needs in common, but also their special requirements for data communications and content services. Travel industry has evolved from centralized reservation systems accessed only by travel agencies to Internet booking systems, which allow direct customer access.
USER NEEDS :
LEISURE TRAVELER :
Leisure traveler’s needs differ from those of business traveler. Leisure traveler isn’t usually as experienced in traveling and travels more infrequently. His is more interested in sightseeing and local happenings. Leisure travelers may lack language skills and knowledge about local customs. Many people consider leisure time even more valuable than work time. Pervasive computing could be answer to these needs and inconveniences. It requires large effort of different kind of institutions to connect their data systems. so that traveler could access them in unified manner. Online access to booking and reservation systems would allow user to change the order in real time while all ready on the road. It is possible to automate the trip entirely using location based services.
TRAVEL INDUSTRY :
Traveling industry will benefit from increased customer loyalty. If they are willing to provide them with pervasive computing services. Pervasive computing will also automate many processes that historically have required human workforce. Travel industry decreases its costs due diminished personnel expenses. The integration makes overall service more intelligent and customers can do larger impact to the travel arrangements with less effort. This integration will be costly and competitors may not be willing to contribute to the system which may reveal business secrets and in which customer information flows freely.
BUSINESS TRAVELER :
Business traveler emphasizes different things than leisure traveler. Location and map services are very useful to both of the groups, as are the integrated booking and reservation systems. In addition businessmen need real-time and high bandwidth connections to the company intra network. As business transactions are involved this connection should also be secure. Nowadays access to home network is achieved mostly by low bandwidth modems. Long distance calls are expensive and phone plugs aren’t always readily available. Low bandwidth also limits the variety of home network resources that can be used. The user must ensure security himself by using for example application level security software. This is time consuming, inconvenient and in conflict with transparent pervasive computing. Only social reasons to come home would break the voyage.
TECHNOLOGIES :
[b]LOCATION BASED SERVICES :[/b]
Currently there are two ways to pinpoint location of mobile device:
GPS (Global Positioning System)
Cell positioning
GPS needs a special module to work in PDA or cellular phone. The module calculates its position from radio signals of GPS satellites. There are 24 satellites at stationary orbits all around the world. Each satellite transmits a clock signal. These signals arrive at different intervals to the mobile device. Mobile device can calculate its position according to the clock differences and known orbits of satellites. GPS is accurate to the few meters and it works everywhere. Its usage is free, because no one can control who receives the signal. Cell positioning works only with cellular phones. Device listens clock signals from nearest base stations and sends back data about the difference in the signals. Since base station knows its position and the positions of its neighbors, it can calculate the position of mobile device. The information is sent back to mobile device. Good thing about cell positioning is that it works also in towns. Accuracy changes depending on density of base stations. Because cell positioning requires participation of telecommunications operator, the service is not likely to be free. It also requires modifications to base stations and mobile phones.
VOICE OVER IP :
VOIP (Voice over IP) is a good choice over long distance phone calls. They are practically free compared to other options. There are numerous operators that sell the service. All that’s needed is to dial a number for VOIP calls and after that the number where you want to call. You end up with local call to the operator’s site, where the call is forwarded to the Internet. At the other end the operator transforms the Internet traffic to ordinary phone call. So we result in two local calls and some Internet traffic.
CONCLUSION :
Pervasive computing has lot to offer for business travelers. As wireless techniques mature access to company home network will be always possible. Data rates of wireless Local Area Network are suitable for real business solutions. There are numerous examples how tight integration to company resources can make direct savings. The most obvious thing is that people don’t have to frequently travel to the home network for resources. Time and money is saved and salesmen can spend more time with customers. Business processes are accelerated because information to and from customers is exchanged in real-time.
[b]INTRODUCTION :[/b]
Business and leisure travelers are mostly studied individually because they have different user needs. Business solutions aim to cost efficiency and productivity while people at vacation mainly want to have fun. Different vehicles are part of traveling. Pervasive computing solutions in cars, airplanes and ships are studied briefly. Pervasive computing will emerge as integration of wide variety of technologies. Pervasive computing is an umbrella term meaning computation and communications systems which are always present but mainly transparent to the user. Pervasive computing is supposed to connect us to the information infrastructures in a persistent and productive way. Leisure and business traveling is special focus of this study. These two groups have some needs in common, but also their special requirements for data communications and content services. Travel industry has evolved from centralized reservation systems accessed only by travel agencies to Internet booking systems, which allow direct customer access.
USER NEEDS :
LEISURE TRAVELER :
Leisure traveler’s needs differ from those of business traveler. Leisure traveler isn’t usually as experienced in traveling and travels more infrequently. His is more interested in sightseeing and local happenings. Leisure travelers may lack language skills and knowledge about local customs. Many people consider leisure time even more valuable than work time. Pervasive computing could be answer to these needs and inconveniences. It requires large effort of different kind of institutions to connect their data systems. so that traveler could access them in unified manner. Online access to booking and reservation systems would allow user to change the order in real time while all ready on the road. It is possible to automate the trip entirely using location based services.
TRAVEL INDUSTRY :
Traveling industry will benefit from increased customer loyalty. If they are willing to provide them with pervasive computing services. Pervasive computing will also automate many processes that historically have required human workforce. Travel industry decreases its costs due diminished personnel expenses. The integration makes overall service more intelligent and customers can do larger impact to the travel arrangements with less effort. This integration will be costly and competitors may not be willing to contribute to the system which may reveal business secrets and in which customer information flows freely.
BUSINESS TRAVELER :
Business traveler emphasizes different things than leisure traveler. Location and map services are very useful to both of the groups, as are the integrated booking and reservation systems. In addition businessmen need real-time and high bandwidth connections to the company intra network. As business transactions are involved this connection should also be secure. Nowadays access to home network is achieved mostly by low bandwidth modems. Long distance calls are expensive and phone plugs aren’t always readily available. Low bandwidth also limits the variety of home network resources that can be used. The user must ensure security himself by using for example application level security software. This is time consuming, inconvenient and in conflict with transparent pervasive computing. Only social reasons to come home would break the voyage.
TECHNOLOGIES :
[b]LOCATION BASED SERVICES :[/b]
Currently there are two ways to pinpoint location of mobile device:
GPS (Global Positioning System)
Cell positioning
GPS needs a special module to work in PDA or cellular phone. The module calculates its position from radio signals of GPS satellites. There are 24 satellites at stationary orbits all around the world. Each satellite transmits a clock signal. These signals arrive at different intervals to the mobile device. Mobile device can calculate its position according to the clock differences and known orbits of satellites. GPS is accurate to the few meters and it works everywhere. Its usage is free, because no one can control who receives the signal. Cell positioning works only with cellular phones. Device listens clock signals from nearest base stations and sends back data about the difference in the signals. Since base station knows its position and the positions of its neighbors, it can calculate the position of mobile device. The information is sent back to mobile device. Good thing about cell positioning is that it works also in towns. Accuracy changes depending on density of base stations. Because cell positioning requires participation of telecommunications operator, the service is not likely to be free. It also requires modifications to base stations and mobile phones.
VOICE OVER IP :
VOIP (Voice over IP) is a good choice over long distance phone calls. They are practically free compared to other options. There are numerous operators that sell the service. All that’s needed is to dial a number for VOIP calls and after that the number where you want to call. You end up with local call to the operator’s site, where the call is forwarded to the Internet. At the other end the operator transforms the Internet traffic to ordinary phone call. So we result in two local calls and some Internet traffic.
CONCLUSION :
Pervasive computing has lot to offer for business travelers. As wireless techniques mature access to company home network will be always possible. Data rates of wireless Local Area Network are suitable for real business solutions. There are numerous examples how tight integration to company resources can make direct savings. The most obvious thing is that people don’t have to frequently travel to the home network for resources. Time and money is saved and salesmen can spend more time with customers. Business processes are accelerated because information to and from customers is exchanged in real-time.