25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
Wearable Biosensors
[attachment=61667]
INTRODUCTION
Wearable sensors and systems have evolved to the point that they can be
considered ready for clinical application. The use of wearable monitoring
devices that allow continuous or intermittent monitoring of physiological
signals is critical for the advancement of both the diagnosis as well as treatment
of diseases.
Wearable systems are totally non-obtrusive devices that allow physicians
to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology and provide a response to
the need for monitoring individuals over weeks or months. They typically rely
on wireless miniature sensors enclosed in patches or bandages or in items that
can be worn, such as ring or shirt. The data sets recorded using these systems
are then processed to detect events predictive of possible worsening of the
patient’s clinical situations or they are explored to access the impact of clinical
interventions.
DEVELOPMENT OF WEARABLE BIOSENSOR
RING SENSOR
It is a pulse oximetry sensor that allows one to continuously monitor heart
rate and oxygen saturation in a totally unobtrusive way. The device is shaped
like a ring and thus it can be worn for long periods of time without any
discomfort to the subject. The ring sensor is equipped with a low power
transceiver that accomplishes bi-directional communication with a base station,
and to upload date at any point in time.[1]
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RING SENSOR
Each time the heart muscle contracts,blood is ejected from the ventricles
and a pulse of pressure is transmitted through the circulatory system.
This pressure pulse when traveling through the vessels,causes vessel wall
displacement which is measurable at various points.inorder to detect pulsatile
blood volume changes by photoelectric method,photo conductors are
used.normally photo resistors are used, for amplification purpose photo
transistors are used.[3]
Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and the
resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of light reaching it.with
each contraction of heart,blood is forced to the extremities and the amount of
blood in the finger increases.it alters the optical density with the result that the
light transmission through the finger reduces and the resistance of the photo
resistor increases accordingly.The photoresistor is connected as a part of voltage
divider circuit and produces a voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the
finger.This voltage that closely follows the pressure pulse
WORKING
The LEDs and PD are placed on the flanks of the finger either reflective
or transmittal type can be used. For avoiding motion disturbances quite stable
transmittal method is used. Transmittal type has a powerful LED for
transmitting light across the finger. This power consumption problem can be
solved with a light modulation technique using high-speed devices. Instead of
lighting the skiing continuously, the LED is turned ON only for a short time, say
10-100 ns, and the signal is sampled within this period, high frequency, low
duty rate modulation is used for preventing skin-burning problem.
The motion of the finger can be measure with an optical sensor. This
motion detector can be used not only for monitoring the presence of motion but
also for cencelling the noise. By using PD-B as a noise reference, a noise
cencellation filter can be built to eliminate the noise of PD-A that completes
with the noise references used. And adaptive noise cancellation method is used.
SMART SHIRT (WEARABLE MOTHERBOARD)
Smart shirt developed at Georgia tech which represents the first attempt at
relying an unobtrusive, mobile and easy to use vital signs monitoring system;
presents the key applications of the smart shirt technology along with its impact
on the practice of medicine; and covers key opportunities to create the next
generation of truly “adaptive and responsive” medical systems.[5]
Research on the design and development of a smart shirt fort a combat
casualty care has led to the realization of the world’s first wearable motherboard
or an “intelligent” garment for the 21st century. The Georgia tech wearable
motherboard (GTWM) uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special
sensors and interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions. This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an extremely versatile framework
for the incorporation of sensing, monitoring and information processing devices.
The principal advantage of smart shirt is that it provides for the first time a very
systematic way of monitoring the vital signs of humans in an unobtrusive
manner.
CONCLUSION
The ring sensor and smart shirt are an effective and comfortable, and
mobile information infrastructure that can be made to the individual’s
requirements to take advantage of the advancements in telemedicine and
information processing. Just as special-purpose chips and processors can be
plugged into a computer motherboard to obtain the required information
processing capability, the smart shirt is an information infrastructure into which
the wearer can “plug in” the desired sensors and devices, thereby creating a
system for monitoring vital signs in an efficient and cost effective manner with
the “universal“ interface of clothing.
Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at practice of medicine
as we know them today. By enhancing the quality of life, minimizing “medical”
errors, and reducing healthcare costs, the patient-control wearable information
infrastructure can play a vital role in realizing the future healthcare system. Just
as the spreadsheet pioneered the field of information processing that brought
“computing to the masses”. It is anticipated that the smart shirt will bring
personalized and affordable healthcare monitoring to the population at large,
thus leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any place, Anytime,
Anyone”.
[attachment=61667]
INTRODUCTION
Wearable sensors and systems have evolved to the point that they can be
considered ready for clinical application. The use of wearable monitoring
devices that allow continuous or intermittent monitoring of physiological
signals is critical for the advancement of both the diagnosis as well as treatment
of diseases.
Wearable systems are totally non-obtrusive devices that allow physicians
to overcome the limitations of ambulatory technology and provide a response to
the need for monitoring individuals over weeks or months. They typically rely
on wireless miniature sensors enclosed in patches or bandages or in items that
can be worn, such as ring or shirt. The data sets recorded using these systems
are then processed to detect events predictive of possible worsening of the
patient’s clinical situations or they are explored to access the impact of clinical
interventions.
DEVELOPMENT OF WEARABLE BIOSENSOR
RING SENSOR
It is a pulse oximetry sensor that allows one to continuously monitor heart
rate and oxygen saturation in a totally unobtrusive way. The device is shaped
like a ring and thus it can be worn for long periods of time without any
discomfort to the subject. The ring sensor is equipped with a low power
transceiver that accomplishes bi-directional communication with a base station,
and to upload date at any point in time.[1]
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RING SENSOR
Each time the heart muscle contracts,blood is ejected from the ventricles
and a pulse of pressure is transmitted through the circulatory system.
This pressure pulse when traveling through the vessels,causes vessel wall
displacement which is measurable at various points.inorder to detect pulsatile
blood volume changes by photoelectric method,photo conductors are
used.normally photo resistors are used, for amplification purpose photo
transistors are used.[3]
Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and the
resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of light reaching it.with
each contraction of heart,blood is forced to the extremities and the amount of
blood in the finger increases.it alters the optical density with the result that the
light transmission through the finger reduces and the resistance of the photo
resistor increases accordingly.The photoresistor is connected as a part of voltage
divider circuit and produces a voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the
finger.This voltage that closely follows the pressure pulse
WORKING
The LEDs and PD are placed on the flanks of the finger either reflective
or transmittal type can be used. For avoiding motion disturbances quite stable
transmittal method is used. Transmittal type has a powerful LED for
transmitting light across the finger. This power consumption problem can be
solved with a light modulation technique using high-speed devices. Instead of
lighting the skiing continuously, the LED is turned ON only for a short time, say
10-100 ns, and the signal is sampled within this period, high frequency, low
duty rate modulation is used for preventing skin-burning problem.
The motion of the finger can be measure with an optical sensor. This
motion detector can be used not only for monitoring the presence of motion but
also for cencelling the noise. By using PD-B as a noise reference, a noise
cencellation filter can be built to eliminate the noise of PD-A that completes
with the noise references used. And adaptive noise cancellation method is used.
SMART SHIRT (WEARABLE MOTHERBOARD)
Smart shirt developed at Georgia tech which represents the first attempt at
relying an unobtrusive, mobile and easy to use vital signs monitoring system;
presents the key applications of the smart shirt technology along with its impact
on the practice of medicine; and covers key opportunities to create the next
generation of truly “adaptive and responsive” medical systems.[5]
Research on the design and development of a smart shirt fort a combat
casualty care has led to the realization of the world’s first wearable motherboard
or an “intelligent” garment for the 21st century. The Georgia tech wearable
motherboard (GTWM) uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special
sensors and interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions. This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an extremely versatile framework
for the incorporation of sensing, monitoring and information processing devices.
The principal advantage of smart shirt is that it provides for the first time a very
systematic way of monitoring the vital signs of humans in an unobtrusive
manner.
CONCLUSION
The ring sensor and smart shirt are an effective and comfortable, and
mobile information infrastructure that can be made to the individual’s
requirements to take advantage of the advancements in telemedicine and
information processing. Just as special-purpose chips and processors can be
plugged into a computer motherboard to obtain the required information
processing capability, the smart shirt is an information infrastructure into which
the wearer can “plug in” the desired sensors and devices, thereby creating a
system for monitoring vital signs in an efficient and cost effective manner with
the “universal“ interface of clothing.
Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at practice of medicine
as we know them today. By enhancing the quality of life, minimizing “medical”
errors, and reducing healthcare costs, the patient-control wearable information
infrastructure can play a vital role in realizing the future healthcare system. Just
as the spreadsheet pioneered the field of information processing that brought
“computing to the masses”. It is anticipated that the smart shirt will bring
personalized and affordable healthcare monitoring to the population at large,
thus leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any place, Anytime,
Anyone”.