16-03-2012, 04:14 PM
PNEUMATIC BRAKING SYSTEM
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WHAT IS PNEUMATICS?
• Pneumatics is a branch of technology, which deals with the study and application of use of pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion.
• Pneumatic systems are extensively used in industry, where factories are commonly plumbed with compressed air or other compressed inert gases. This is because a centrally-located and electrically-powered compressor that powers cylinders and other pneumatic devices through solenoid valves is often able to provide motive power in a cheaper, safer, more flexible, and more reliable way than a large number of electric motors and actuators.
• Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry, construction, mining and other areas.
GASES USED IN PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
Pneumatic systems in fixed installations such as factories use compressed air because a sustainable supply can be made by compressing atmospheric air. Smaller or stand-alone systems can use other compressed gases which are an asphyxiation hazard, such as nitrogen - often referred to as OFN (oxygen-free nitrogen), when supplied in cylinders.
BRAKE MECHANISM IN WHEELS
Almost all wheeled vehicles have a brake of some sort. Even baggage carts and shopping carts may have them for use on a moving ramp. Most fixed-wing aircraft are fitted with wheel brakes on the undercarriage. Some aircraft also feature air brakes designed to reduce their speed in flight. Notable examples include gliders and some World War II-era aircraft, primarily some fighter aircraft and many dive bombers of the era. These allow the aircraft to maintain a safe speed in a steep descent. The Saab B 17 dive bomber used the deployed undercarriage as an air brake. , or airplanes with both wheel brakes and drag flaps raised into the air during landing. Other methods convert kinetic energy into potential energy in such stored forms as pressurized air or pressurized oil. Still other braking methods even transform kinetic energy into different forms, for example by transferring the energy to a rotating flywheel.
REACTION FORCE TRANSMISSION MECHANISM FOR A PNEUMATIC BRAKE BOOSTER
The present invention relates to a reaction force transmission mechanism for a pneumatic brake booster including a largely incompressible reaction plate that is interposed between an input member and an output member and encased at the peripheral side and has lateral abutment surfaces for the input member and the output member, wherein the abutment surface close to the input member can be acted upon by a pressure member which is adapted to be fixed to a control housing and, consequently, can be excepted from the transmission of the reaction force to a vehicle driver. To improve its service life, the reaction plate includes a recess in the area of the abutment of a valve piston extension, in which recess a substantially incompressible, elastic insert is placed
RAILWAY AIR BRAKES
An air brake is a conveyance braking system actuated by compressed air. Modern trains rely upon a fail-safe air brake system that is based upon a design patented by George Westinghouse on March 5, 1872. The Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO) was subsequently organized to manufacture and sell Westinghouse's invention. In various forms, it has been nearly universally adopted