10-10-2012, 01:05 PM
Solid Waste disposal : Dumping & landfills
Solid Waste Disposal.ppt (Size: 3.32 MB / Downloads: 102)
Classification of Wastes
Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household waste etc.
E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.
Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants
Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.
Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.
Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plants
Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
Industrialised countries have waste management problems
Developed countries have strict environment regulation norms
Most attractive option for them- to dump into developing countries
Methods of Disposal
The choice of Particular method of disposal depends upon the local factors like cost and availability of land and labour.
The principle methods of refuse disposal are:
Dumping
Sanitary Landfill
Incineration
Composting
Manure pits
Burial
Land fills
Most satisfactory method of disposal.
Material placed in a trench or a prepared area.
There are three types of Landfills
Sanitary Landfill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills - uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
Construction and demolition waste landfills - consist of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings, roads, and bridges.
Industrial Waste Landfills- nonhazardous solid waste, consists of nonhazardous waste associated with manufacturing and other industrial activities
Sanitary Landfills
Sights where waste is isolated from the environment until it is safe.
It is considered safe when it has completely degraded biologically, chemically, and physically.
Sanitary landfills use technology to contain the waste and prevent the leaching out of potentially hazardous substances.
There are two main methods used in sanitary landfills, the trench method and the area method.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS (MSW).
This type of landfill collects household garbage and are regulated by state and local governments.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established minimum criteria that these landfills must meet.
Some materials may be banned from disposal in municipal solid waste landfills. Items such as paints, cleaners, chemicals, motor oil, batteries, and pesticides are some of the common items that are banned from MSW's.
CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE LANDFILLS
These types of landfills used for debris generated during construction, renovations, demolitions of buildings and bridges.
The types of debris include: concrete, wood, asphalt, gypsum (the main component of drywall), metals, bricks, glass, plastics, trees, stumps, earth, rock, and building components (doors, windows, plumbing fixtures).
Solid Waste Control Regulations Article 27
Which is related with removal of deposit gas
From the products that form as a result of anaerobic decomposition of organic substances, partially stabilized organic materials, organic acids and various gases (CO2, CH4, N2, H2S) can be stated.
In standard conditions, there is a linear relationship between decomposition rate and gas production rate.
Finishing Of Sanitary Landfilling And Final Procedures:
Final layer of solid waste cells. To complete the filling, namely, to construct the final layer of cells, ultimate usage of the area should be considered. If agricultural procedured will be applied, final layer must not contain coarse materials and matters which are not suitable for the plant growth. This layer must be compacted until a limited level.
Dwelling of soil. Sanitary landfill area could be dwelled due to storm water, self-compacting, etc. This process will take time. Before covering of final layer, this period must be considered.