06-12-2012, 01:46 PM
Disaster Management in IndiaPast, Present and Future
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Disasters in India
Moving away from the Great Bengal famine of 1769-1770 in which a third of the population perished.
The Chalisa famine of 1783, the Doji Bara or Skull famine of 1790 to 1792, the North West Provinces famine of 1838, the North West India Famine of 1861, the Bengal and Orissa famine of 1866, the Rajputana famine of 1869, the famine of 1899 to 1901, the Bengal famine of 1943…
The drought years of 1965, 1972, 1979, 1987, 2002
India’s Vulnerability to Disasters
57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
68% land is vulnerable to drought.
12% land is vulnerable to floods.
8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters.
Areas of Concern
Activating an Early Warning System network and its close monitoring
Mechanisms for integrating the scientific, technological and administrative agencies for effective disaster management
Terrestrial communication links which collapse in the event of a rapid onset disaster
Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power supply, communication, water supply, transport, etc.) to disaster events
Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests
Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour
Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
Mine Disasters : Department of Mines
Dynamics of Disasters
There is a high probability of a low probability event happening somewhere sometime soon…
The unpredictability of disaster events and the high risk and vulnerability profiles make it imperative to strengthen disaster preparedness, mitigation and enforcement of guidelines, building codes and restrictions on construction of buildings in flood-prone areas and storm surge prone coastal areas.
New Directions for Disaster Management in India
The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.
Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.
Future Directions
Encourage and consolidate knowledge networks
Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more effective preparedness, mitigation and response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides, NYK, Civil Defence, Homeguards)
Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction.
Learn from best practices in disaster preparedness, mitigation and disaster response