24-11-2012, 04:34 PM
GREEN ENGINE SEMINAR REPORT
Green Engine seminar report.DOC (Size: 103 KB / Downloads: 37)
GLOBAL ISSUES
Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and hostile climatic conditions. After few hundred years of industrial development, we are facing these global problems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of living. The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should continue “developing” or “die”.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are the five main energy sources that have played important roles and have been widely used by human beings.
The United Nations Energy Organization names all of them “elementary energies”, as well as “conventional energies”. Electricity is merely a “second energy” derived from these sources. At present, the energy consumed all over the world almost completely relies on the supply of the five main energy sources. The consumption of petroleum constitutes approximately 60 percent of energy used from all sources, so it is the major consumer of energy.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
Compared to conventional piston engines, operated on four phases, the Green engine is an actual six phase internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. Thus it has six independent or separate working processes: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust, resulting in the high air charge rate. Satisfactory air-fuel mixing, complete burning, high combustion efficiency and full expansion. The most important characteristic is the expansion ratio being much bigger than the compression ratio. Also, the other main features are the revolutionary innovations of the sequential variable compression ratio, constant volume combustion and self-adapting sealing system. Therefore, an engine having extremely high thermal efficiency, near-zero emissions, quietness, light and small, lower cost with capability of burning of various fuels has come into being.
Direct Air Intake
Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directly connected to the intake port of the engine, and together with the less heating effect of air intake process, benefited from lower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highest volumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a high torque of output on all speed range is achieved . The pump loss which consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Also fuel measuring facilities are built-in,and parts are saved.
Strong Swirling
As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber and compression chamber, a very swirling which could lost until gas port is opened, can be formed while air is pumped into the combustion chamber. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing and the combustion process can have a satisfying working condition.
Sequential Variable Compression Ratio
This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most suitable compression ratio for the engine whatever operation mode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore, an excellent combustion performance is attained.
Direct Fuel Injection
Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, while at the same time it also enhances the response for acceleration.
Super Air-Fuel Mixing
Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixture could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect coming from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makes the air-fuel mixture more dense near the spark plug. It benefits to cold starting and managing lean-burning.
Lowest Surface to Volume Ratio
The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed as global as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, and the engine is having less heat losses and high combustion efficiency.
Controllable Combustion Time
Due to the independent combustion phase, compared to the conventional engine whose performances lack of efficient combustion time, resulting in heavy CO emission and low fuel usage rate, the Green engine has a sufficient controllable combustion time to match any fuels.
Constant Volume Combustion
The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion occurs on the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable combustion when the lean burning is managed. Moreover, more water can be added in to make the much higher working pressure and drop down the combustion temperature, so power is added; heat losses and NOx emissions are decreased.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
As earlier mentioned, the Green engine is a six phase, internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. The term “phase” is used instead of “stroke” because stroke is actually associated to the movement of the piston. The traveling of the piston from bottom dead centre to the top dead centre or vice versa is termed a stroke. But, in this engine pistons are absent and hence, the term “phase” is used. The six phases are: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust.
The engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors which houses a number of small pot-like containers. It is here, in these small containers that compression, mixing, combustion are carried out. The engine also contains two air intake ports, and a pair of fuel injectors and spark plugs. The spark plugs are connected in such a system so as to deactivate them, when a fuel which does not need sparks for ignition is used. The rotor is made of high heat resistance and low expansion rate material such as ceramic. Whereas, the metal used is an alloy of steel, aluminium and chromium.
Even though the engine is of symmetric shape, the vanes traverse an unsymmetrical or uneven boundary. This shape cannot be compromised as this a result of the path taken by the intake and exhaust air. This uneven boundary is covered by the vanes in a very unique fashion. The vanes are made in such a way that it comprises of two parts: one going inside a hollow one. At the bottom of the hollow vane is a compressive spring. On top of this spring is mounted the other part of the vane. Now, let us come to the working of the engine.
Green Engine seminar report.DOC (Size: 103 KB / Downloads: 37)
GLOBAL ISSUES
Everyday radios, newspapers, televisions and the internet warn us of energy exhaustion, atmospheric pollution and hostile climatic conditions. After few hundred years of industrial development, we are facing these global problems while at the same time we maintain a high standard of living. The most important problem we are faced with is whether we should continue “developing” or “die”.
Coal, petroleum, natural gas, water and nuclear energy are the five main energy sources that have played important roles and have been widely used by human beings.
The United Nations Energy Organization names all of them “elementary energies”, as well as “conventional energies”. Electricity is merely a “second energy” derived from these sources. At present, the energy consumed all over the world almost completely relies on the supply of the five main energy sources. The consumption of petroleum constitutes approximately 60 percent of energy used from all sources, so it is the major consumer of energy.
TECHNICAL FEATURES
Compared to conventional piston engines, operated on four phases, the Green engine is an actual six phase internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. Thus it has six independent or separate working processes: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust, resulting in the high air charge rate. Satisfactory air-fuel mixing, complete burning, high combustion efficiency and full expansion. The most important characteristic is the expansion ratio being much bigger than the compression ratio. Also, the other main features are the revolutionary innovations of the sequential variable compression ratio, constant volume combustion and self-adapting sealing system. Therefore, an engine having extremely high thermal efficiency, near-zero emissions, quietness, light and small, lower cost with capability of burning of various fuels has come into being.
Direct Air Intake
Direct air intake means that there is no air inlet pipe, throttle and inlet valves on the air intake system. Air filter is directly connected to the intake port of the engine, and together with the less heating effect of air intake process, benefited from lower temperature of independent intake chamber, a highest volumetric efficiency which makes engine produce a high torque of output on all speed range is achieved . The pump loss which consumes the part of engine power is eliminated .Also fuel measuring facilities are built-in,and parts are saved.
Strong Swirling
As a tangential air duct in between combustion chamber and compression chamber, a very swirling which could lost until gas port is opened, can be formed while air is pumped into the combustion chamber. Consequently, the air-fuel mixing and the combustion process can have a satisfying working condition.
Sequential Variable Compression Ratio
This greatly revolutionary innovation can provide the most suitable compression ratio for the engine whatever operation mode it works on with burning variety of fuels. Therefore, an excellent combustion performance is attained.
Direct Fuel Injection
Direct fuel injection can provide higher output and torque, while at the same time it also enhances the response for acceleration.
Super Air-Fuel Mixing
Since the independent air-fuel mixing phase is having enough time for mixing air and fuel under strong swirling and hot situation, the engine is capable to burn any liquid or gas fuels without modifications. An ideal air-fuel mixture could delete CO emission. Also centrifugal effect coming from both strong swirling and rotation of the burner makes the air-fuel mixture more dense near the spark plug. It benefits to cold starting and managing lean-burning.
Lowest Surface to Volume Ratio
The shape of combustion chamber herein can be designed as global as possible. Thus, a lowest surface to is obtained, and the engine is having less heat losses and high combustion efficiency.
Controllable Combustion Time
Due to the independent combustion phase, compared to the conventional engine whose performances lack of efficient combustion time, resulting in heavy CO emission and low fuel usage rate, the Green engine has a sufficient controllable combustion time to match any fuels.
Constant Volume Combustion
The fuels can generate more energy while the combustion occurs on the constant volume. Also, the constant volume combustion technology can allow the engine to have a stable combustion when the lean burning is managed. Moreover, more water can be added in to make the much higher working pressure and drop down the combustion temperature, so power is added; heat losses and NOx emissions are decreased.
CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
As earlier mentioned, the Green engine is a six phase, internal combustion engine with much higher expansion ratio. The term “phase” is used instead of “stroke” because stroke is actually associated to the movement of the piston. The traveling of the piston from bottom dead centre to the top dead centre or vice versa is termed a stroke. But, in this engine pistons are absent and hence, the term “phase” is used. The six phases are: intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power and exhaust.
The engine comprises a set of vanes, a pair of rotors which houses a number of small pot-like containers. It is here, in these small containers that compression, mixing, combustion are carried out. The engine also contains two air intake ports, and a pair of fuel injectors and spark plugs. The spark plugs are connected in such a system so as to deactivate them, when a fuel which does not need sparks for ignition is used. The rotor is made of high heat resistance and low expansion rate material such as ceramic. Whereas, the metal used is an alloy of steel, aluminium and chromium.
Even though the engine is of symmetric shape, the vanes traverse an unsymmetrical or uneven boundary. This shape cannot be compromised as this a result of the path taken by the intake and exhaust air. This uneven boundary is covered by the vanes in a very unique fashion. The vanes are made in such a way that it comprises of two parts: one going inside a hollow one. At the bottom of the hollow vane is a compressive spring. On top of this spring is mounted the other part of the vane. Now, let us come to the working of the engine.