09-05-2014, 02:11 PM
REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Seminar Report
REMOTE SENSING .pdf (Size: 475.6 KB / Downloads: 168)
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are powerful
and useful tools as means of information, visualization and research or like making decisions
tools. One of benefits that the society has obtained by the development of these kind of systems,
is that those applications can be used in order to assist in the making decisions; this kind of
assisting would be visual or automatic ways, it has developed new research lines for integrating
Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Geographical Information Systems, therefore they end up
being of great. The recent advent of the wireless communication and GPS technology has given
new impetus for addressing info mobility. Info mobility is mainly expressed through ubiquitous
computing and it is very important in some applications such as security operation management,
rescue activity supervision and managing crisis situations. This paper proposes an info mobility
application for managing security operations. The system has been designed by using
commercial of the shelf components, it is extensible and it can be configured to be used in a
series of similar applications that require geographical and geo-positioning services. It consists
of three modules (visualization, geo-positioning and communications) and it aims at providing
positioning and geographical information on mobile terminal. The architecture of the system is
discussed and some preliminary results are presented.
INTRODUCTION
Geographic information systems have emerged in the last decade as an essential tool for urban
and resource planning and management. Their capacity to store, retrieve, analyze, model and
map large areas with huge volumes of spatial data has led to an extraordinary proliferation of
applications. Geographic information systems are now used for land
land use planning, utilities
management, ecosystems modeling, landscape assessment and planning, transportation and
infrastructure planning, market analysis, visual impact analysis, facilities management, tax
assessment, real estate analysis and many other applications.
More GIS Definitions
"A geographic information system is a facility for preparing, presenting, and interpreting
facts that pertain to the surface of the earth. This is a broad definition, a considerably
narrower definition, however, is more often employed. In common parlance, a
geographic information system or GIS is a configuration of computer hardware and
software specifically designed for the acquisition, maintenance, and use of cartographic
data."
"A geographic information system (GIS) is an information system that is designed to
work with data referenced by spatial or geographic coordinates. In other words, a GIS is
both a database system with specific capabilities for spatially-reference data, as well [as]
a set of operations for working with data . . . In a sense, a GIS may be thought of as a
higher-order map."
Importance of GIS:
"GIS technology is to geographical analysis what the microscope, the telescope, and
computers have been to other sciences.. (It) could therefore be the catalyst needed to
dissolve the regional-systematic and human- physical dichotomies that have long plagued
geography" and other disciplines which use spatial information. GIS integrates spatial and
other kinds of information within a single system - it offers a consistent framework for
analyzing geographical data. By putting maps and other kinds of spatial information into
digital form, GIS allows us to manipulate and display geographical knowledge in new and
exciting ways. GIS allows access to administrative records - property ownership, tax files,
utility cables and pipes - via their geographical positions.
GIS APPLICATIONS
4.1 Mapping locations: GIS can be used to map locations. GIS allows the creation of maps
through automated mapping, data capture, and surveying analysis tools.
4.2 Mapping quantities: People map quantities, like where the most and least are, to find places
that meet their criteria and take action, or to see the relationships between places. This gives an
additional level of information beyond simply mapping the locations of features.
4.3 Mapping densities: While you can see concentrations by simply mapping the locations of
features, in areas with many features it may be difficult to see which areas have a higher
concentration than others. A density map lets you measure the number of features using a
uniform areal unit, such as acres or square miles, so you can clearly see the distribution.