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1. INTRODUCTION
Fingerprints are one of the main forms in biometric field which used to identify the individual and their uniqueness.Fingerprint authentication is one of popular authentication systems in the world. Due to their consistency and uniqueness it is used widely. There are several sources available for the collection and their established use. In the past, magnetic card attendance system was widely used. But, this system has lot of bugs in it. The card may be lost or damaged. This fingerprint attendance system is highly secure and cannot be forged easily.
Fingerprints are a form of biometric identification which is unique and does not change in one’s entire lifetime. The most common means of tracking student attendance in the classroom is by enforcing the students to manually sign the attendance sheet, which is normally passed around the classroom while the lecturer is conducting the lecture. There are numerous disadvantages of using such system. The attendance sheet is passed around the class; some students may accidentally or purposely sign another student's name. Another issue of having the attendance record in a hardcopy form is that a lecturer may lose the attendance sheet. As a consequence of that, lecturer can no longer trace the students overall attendance record throughout the particular semester.
Fingerprint reconstruction is one of the most well known and publicized biometrics. Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for identification over a century, more recently becoming automated due to advancements in computed capabilities. Fingerprint reconstruction is popular because of the inherent ease of acquisition, the numerous sources (e.g. ten fingers) available for collection, and their established use and collections by law enforcement and immigration.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Literature survey means that we read and report on what the literature in the field has to say about our topic or subject. There may be a lot of literature on the topic or there may be a little.
[1]Fingerprint Based Student Attendance System with SMS Alert to Parents: In this paper is a study of a fingerprint recognition system based on minutiae based fingerprint algorithms used in various techniques. This line of track mainly involves extraction of minutiae points from the model fingerprint images and fingerprint matching based on the number of minutiae pairings among two fingerprints. This paper also provides the design method of fingerprint based student attendance with help of GSM.
[2] Fingerprint Based Attendance System Using Microcontroller and Lab View: Fingerprint matching has been successfully used by law enforcement for more than a century. The technology is now finding lot of other applications such as identity management and access control. In this context, an automated fingerprint recognition system and identification of key challenges are described along with the research opportunities. The description is like a product design in this report implementing RTOS (Real time operating system) under the domain of embedded system. Fingerprint Recognition is a widely popular but complex pattern recognition problem. It is very difficult to design accurate algorithms capable of extracting salient features and matching them in a robust way. In this paper, we have come with a novel approach to simplify the existing problems with a proper Embedded System Design.
[3] Employee Attendance Management System Using Fingerprint Recognition: In any organization identification of any employee is necessary. To identify or confirm the identity of an individual employee, their name and signature is not enough, because any one can misuse other's identity. So these type of problem occur in today. To overcome this problem we can use fingerprint recognition by which we can easily recognize any person, because human fingerprints are unique to each person and can be regarded as some sort of signature, certifying the person's identity. In this paper we propose a method for fingerprint matching based on minutiae matching. In addition, this paper describes all the records of employee and introduces verification of fingerprints without any biometric device.
[4] An Efficient Automatic Attendance System Using Fingerprint Reconstruction Technique: — Biometric time and attendance system is one of the most successful applications of biometric technology. One of the main advantage of a biometric time and attendance system is it avoids "buddy-punching". Buddy punching was a major loophole which will be exploiting in the traditional time attendance systems. Fingerprint recognition is an established field today, but still identifying individual from a set of enrolled fingerprints is a time taking process. Most fingerprint-based biometric systems store the minutiae template of a user in the database. It has been traditionally assumed that the minutiae template of a user does not reveal any information about the original fingerprint. This belief has now been shown to be false; several algorithms have been proposed that can reconstruct fingerprint images from minutiae templates. In this paper, a novel fingerprint reconstruction algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the phase image, which is then converted into the grayscale image. The proposed reconstruction algorithm reconstructs the phase image from minutiae. The proposed reconstruction algorithm is used to automate the whole process of taking attendance, manually which is a laborious and troublesome work and waste a lot of time, with its managing and maintaining the records for a period of time is also a burdensome task. The proposed reconstruction algorithm has been evaluated with respect to the success rates of type-I attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against the original fingerprint) and type-II attack (match the reconstructed fingerprint against different impressions of the original fingerprint) using a commercial fingerprint recognition system. Given the reconstructed image from our algorithm, we show that both types of attacks can be effectively launched against a fingerprint recognition system.
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT &OBJECTIVE
3.1 Problem Statement
• Attendance Management System is software developed for daily student attendance in schools, colleges and institutes. It facilitates to access the attendance information of a particular student in a particular class.
• The system will also help in evaluating attendance eligibility criteria of a student. By just a click on the mouse, the system will be able to produce the students' attendance report thus reducing the need for manual labour which is prone to human errors and time consuming.
• This application is built for automating the processing of attendance. It also enhances the speed of performing attendance task easily. The Student Attendance will be based on the department and section.
• According to the department wise and section wise the attendance will be marked for the students. It includes present, absent and leave column for each student so that they would mark the attendance like period wise. The student and staff have unique user login id and password available.
• The student can only view the attendance record on weekly, monthly, and whole semester basis. The staff can view as well as modify the attendance record. Printing facility for attendance record is available for both students and staff.
3.2 Objectives
The main objective of this project is to develop an embedded system, which will record the time and attendance of an employee in an organization and send monthly record of employee’s work hours and using finger print recognition.
Whenever the employee enters the office he puts his finger on the embedded system, then the embedded system will recognize the person, it will register time of entry and attendance.Here in this project we have tried to automate a classroom attendance procedure by using a fingerprint recognition module interfaced with 8051 microcontroller [28]. A fingerprint recognition system can be used for both verification and identification. In verification, the system compares an input fingerprint to the “enrolled” fingerprint of a specific user to determine if they are from the same finger (1:1 match). In identification, the system compares an input fingerprint with the prints of all enrolled users in the database to determine if the person is already known under a duplicate or false identity.
PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE:
The proposed architecture uses microcontroller module for getting the attendance system and controlling the closing and opening of the door which is demonstrated using the LED on/off. And the attendance will be stored in the microcontroller’s memory.
In this project we are going to use Microcontroller 8051, which is the current dominant microcontroller in mobile based products and software development Tool as Kiel, flash magic for loading hex file into the microcontroller.
The purpose of this paper is to develop a wireless system to detect and maintain the attendance of a student and locate a student. For, this the students ID (identification) card is tagged with an Radio-frequency identification (RFID) passive tag which is matched against the database and only finalized once his fingerprint is verified using the biometric fingerprint scanner. The guardian is intimated by a SMS (short message service) sent using the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Modem of the same that is the student has reached the university or not on a daily basis, in the present day every guardian is worried whether his child has reached safely or not. In every classroom, laboratory, libraries, staffrooms etc. a RFID transponder is installed through which we will be detecting the location of the student and staff. There will be a website through which the student, teacher and the guardians can view the status of attendance and location of a student at present in the campus. A person needs to be located can be done by two means that is via the website or by sending the roll number of the student as an SMS to the GSM modem which will reply by taking the last location stored of the student in the database.
6.1.1 Features Of 8051
• It have 8 bit Data bus.
• It have 8 bit Stack Pointer.
• It have 16 bit Program Counter.
• It have 16 bit address bus which can access almost 65,536 memory locations.
• Data memory or RAM of 128 bytes.(On-Chip).
• Program Memory or ROM of 4 KB.(On Chip).
• Bi-Directional I/O port of 4 bytes.
• It has 4 separate Register Sets.
• Serial Port or UART.
• It features Power Saving Mode which saves power.
• Two Timers/Counters each of 16 bit.
• Internal and External Interrupt Sources.
• 2 level interrupt priori.
GSM MODULE:
GSM Modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM card and act just like a mobile phone with its own unique phone number. Advantage of using this modem will be that we can use its RS232 port to communicate and develop embedded applications. Applications like SMS Control, data transfer, remote control and logging can be developed easily
6.2.1 Applications Of GSM:
• SMS based Remote Control & Alerts
• Security Applications
• Sensor Monitoring
• GPRS Mode Remote Data Logging
• IT uses AT command for communication
• AT means attension
• Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying a match between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity.
• A fingerprint scanner is a type of technology that identifies and authenticates the fingerprints of an individual in order to grant or deny access to a computer system or a physical facility.
• It is a type of biometric security technology that utilizes the combination of hardware and software techniques to identify the fingerprint scans of an individual.
7. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
7.1 Applications:
• Attendance system and Biometric systems in industries and colleges.
• figure print device used bank for security purpose.
7.2 Advantages:
1. Very fast compared to the conventional face recognition methods.
2. Simple to design so that system complexity is low.
3.The Fingerprint authentication has many advantages such as very high accuracy, the most economical biometric PC user authentication technique. It is one of the safest biometric authentication methods widely used. It is very easy to use. Small storage space required for the biometric template, reducing the size of the database memory required and it is standardized.
CONCLUSION
The main purpose of this project is to monitor the student attendance in lecture, tutorial and laboratory sessions in more efficient way and send this attendance to their parents. This system resists students from bunking classes through SMS sending feature to parents. Biometrics has been used effectively for more than a decade for time and attendance system. Fingerprint attendance system is a cost effective simplified system that uses fingerprints for identification. The fingerprint is unique to each individual and cannot be shared.
FUTURE SCOPE
• Future Scope Student is regularly absent within four day or six days free voice call to call the parents mobile number by using GSM technology. The system could be modified into a web based system so that reports could be generated anywhere.
• The attendance management system can be improved by adding the features that indicate if the employee or student is late. Some of the future enhancements for this are to extend the current flash memory to store the complete details of the student. The system can be enhanced to track the arrival and exit time of the student or employee for additional monitoring.