30-05-2012, 04:21 PM
Internet/Broadband-an overview
BroadbandServies.ppt (Size: 175 KB / Downloads: 38)
Brief History of the Internet
1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet
1970 - First five nodes:
UCLA
Stanford
UC Santa Barbara
U of Utah, and
BBN
1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf
1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging
Internet Growth Trends
1977: 111 hosts on Internet
1981: 213 hosts
1983: 562 hosts
1984: 1,000 hosts
1986: 5,000 hosts
1987: 10,000 hosts
1989: 100,000 hosts
1992: 1,000,000 hosts
2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
2002: over 200 million hosts
By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
Broadband Policy-2004
Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy-2004 is an “always on” data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP of the service provider
Salient Features:
De-licensing of 2.40-2.48 Ghz band for outdoor low output
Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2 Mbps (At present 512 Kbps in CUG domestic network)
Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internet facility. For bi-directional VSAT license will be required.
BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them to enter into arrangement with private players to utilise copper and content creation
Broadband Services
High speed Internet Access
Video-on-Demand
Interactive Games
Share market dealing & personal banking
News, travel & leisure information
Music/Movie Download
Chatrooms & newsgroups
E-mail & instant messaging
Personal websites and online magazines
Educational materials & research resources
Tele-medicine
Work at home
Internet radio & webcast concerts
Broadband Users
There are about 100 million Broadband subscriber worldwide and are increasing by about 2,00,000 every month
Asia Pacific – 45%
USA – 30%
Europe, Middle East & Africa – 25%
Broadband Wireless Technologies
3G Mobile
Based on WCDMA & CDMA
Supports data rates
144 kbps for outdoor mobile environment
384 kbps in low mobility environment
2 mbps in indoor environment
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
Wireless LAN with Broadband option
Most widely used LAN standard (IEEE 802.11b)
Uses 2.4 Ghz band & delivers 11 mbps of data over distances of 100 meters
WiMAX-Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
IEEE 802.16 standard defines the Wireless MAN air interface specification
Complements Wi-Fi by providing wireless broadband backhaul to 802.11 hotspots and last mile
Service area range of 50 kms
Provides shared data rates up to 70 mbps in 2-11 Ghz band
LMDS & MMDS
Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadband service
LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System
Operates in various bands such as 10.5 Ghz (8 kms) and 26 & 28 Ghz (3 kms)
Provides various interfaces at user end like E1, 4xE1, 10/100 BaseT Ethernet etc.
MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System
Operates in 2-3 Ghz (20-40 kms radius)
Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps
FSO (Free Space Optics)
Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics) or Optical wireless
Enables optical transmission of data through open space at near infrared wavelengths (Tera Hz)
Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over few kilometers
Satellite
Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) & DTH (Direct To Home) terminals
C, Ku & Ka bands are used for services involving fixed terminals
L band is used for mobile services
Offers data rates 9.6 Kbps for a handheld terminal and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal
Future will support up to 155 Mbps
Broadband Wireline Technologies
DSL-Digital Subscriber line
Technology for high bandwidth to home and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines
Achievable data rate depends on the distance and cable impairments
Cable Modem
Allows high speed access to the Internet via a cable television network
Uses cable modem technology through the use of Set-Top-Box at the customer premises
Optical Fibre Technologies
Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry enormous amount of information over unlimited distances can be deployed for broadband access in:
PON (Passive Optical Network)
FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home)
FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb)
HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)
Broadband Wireline Technologies
PLC-Power Line Communication
Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines)
Can provide broadband Internet access through ordinary power lines
Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing the phone network as well as the cable network in size and coverage
Suffers from technological challenges due to interference with noise, radio and television etc.