25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
ALTERNATIVE FUEL
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The Energy Policy Act of 1993 (EPAct) DOE currently recognizes the following as alternative fuels:
Mixtures containing 85% or more by volume of alcohol fuel, including methanol and denatured ethanol
Natural gas (compressed or liquefied)
Liquefied petroleum gas (propane)
Hydrogen
Coal-derived liquid fuels
Fuels derived from biological materials
Electricity (including electricity from solar energy)
100% Biodiesel (B100)
Ethanol
Ethanol is an alcohol-based alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling starch crops that have been converted into simple sugars. Feedstocks for this fuel include corn, barley, and wheat.
Ethanol can also be produced from "cellulosic biomass" such as trees and grasses and is called bioethanol. Ethanol is most commonly used to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline.
Natural Gas
Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly methane, and is produced either from gas wells or in conjunction with crude oil production. Natural gas is consumed in the residential, commercial, industrial, and utility markets.
Natural gas can either be stored onboard a vehicle as compressed natural gas (CNG) or as liquefied natural gas (LNG). Natural gas can also be blended with hydrogen.
Propane
Propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a popular alternative fuel choice for vehicles. Propane is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining so there is already an infrastructure of pipelines, processing facilities, and storage for its efficient distribution.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen can be produced using diverse, domestic resources including fossil fuels, such as natural gas and coal, nuclear; and biomass and other renewable energy technologies, such as wind, solar, geothermal, and hydro-electric power.