22-02-2013, 01:05 PM
Seminar Report On CYBORGS
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INTRODUCTION
Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of
the regulatory system. Cybernetics is closely related to control
theory and system theory. Contemporary cybernetics began as an
interdisciplinary study connecting the fields of control systems,
electrical network theory, mechanical engineering, logic model,
evolutionary biology, neuroscience etc.
Cyborgs are originated from the concept of
cybernetics, which is referred as a mixture of both
organism and the technology. When an organism is half
human and half machine then we call them CYBORG. The
whole process of becoming a Cyborg is known as Cyborgation
Among the Cyborgs living today Dr. Kevin Warwick
heads the Cybernetics Department at the University of Reading in
the United Kingdom and has taken the first steps on this path, using
himself as a guinea pig test subject receiving, by surgical operation,
technological implants connected to his central nervous system.
The world's first cyborg was a white
lab rat, part of an experimental program at New York's Rockland
State Hospital in the late 1950s. The rat had implanted in its body a
tiny osmotic pump that injected precisely controlled doses of
chemicals, altering several of its physiological parameters. It was
part animal, part machine.
CYBORG:
CYBORG, a compound word derived from Cybernetics and Organism,
is a term coined by Manfred Clynes in 1960 to describe the need for
mankind to artificially enhance biological functions in order to
survive in the hostile environment of space. Originally, a CYBORG
reffered to a “ Human being with a bodily functions aided or
controlled by technological devices, such as an oxygen tank, artificial
heart valve or insulin pump.” Over the years, the term has acquired
a more general meaning, describing the dependence of human
beings on technology. In this sense , CYBORG can be used to
characterize anyone who relies on a computer to complete his or her
daily work.
A CYBORG is a Cybernetics Organism, part human – part machine.
This concept is bit tricky but let see an example of a CYBORG: you
may have seen a movie “TERMINATOR.” In that ARNOLD was a
CYBORG. He was part man- part machine. Well definition exactly
says this; CYBORG can be made by technology known as
CYBERNETICS. “What is CYBERNETICS?”, To understand CYBORG ,
this is the first step that we’ll see in the next topic.
CYBERNETICS:
Cybernetics is word coined by group of scientists led by Norbert
Wiener and made popular by Wiener’s book of 1948, Cybernetics or
Communication in the animal and the Machine. Based on the Greek
“Kybernetics”, meaning steersman or governor, cybernetics is the
science or study of the control or regulation mechanism in human
and machine systems, including computers.
ROBOTS & CYBORGS
All of them, to some degree, are programmed; they're
basically computers that move. A robot, however, doesn't
necessarily have to resemble a human. It can be in the shape of a
dog, or a lunar Lander, or one of those giant arms in a car factory.
But cyborgs are beings that are part mechanical and part organic. In
fact, some theorists consider anyone whose body relies on a form of
machinery in order to survive - such as a pacemaker or an insulin
pump - to be a cyborg.
HYBROTS
A Hybrots (short for "hybrid robot") is a cybernetic organism in
the form of a robot controlled by a computer consisting of both
electronic and biological elements. The biological elements
are rat neurons connected to a computer chip . This feat was first
accomplished by Dr. Steve Potter, a professor of biomedical
engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. What
separates a hybrot from a cyborg is that the latter term is
commonly used to refer to a cybernetically enhanced human or
animal; while a hybrot is an entirely new type of creature
constructed from organic and artificial materials. It is perhaps
helpful to think of the hybrot as "semi-living," a term also used
by the hybrot's inventors.
Another interesting feature of the hybrot is its
longevity. Neurons separated from a living brain usually die
after a short period of time; however, due to a specially designed
incubator utilizing a new sealed-dish culture system, a hybrot
may live as long as two years
Archetype
The cyborg archetype is a character in a near future world where
societal decay has led to the adoption of metal parts. These cyborgs
are commonly armed with paramilitary in-built weaponry or are
otherwise survival and combat oriented.
Cyborg Skills
Description: This skill is sort of a cross between mechanics and
medicine. The character needs equipment most of the time. The
monetary cost of cybernetics repair depends on the campaign but it
is assumed to be similar to auto work (this follows no mathematical
model but is good for play balance). Cybernetics that suffered a
critical failure must be replaced (GM's option they can be salvaged or
at least sold for part of the price). A cybernetic technician must have
Electronics and Mechanics at one level lower than this skill.
Compartmentalized Body Structure
The cyborg has been redesigned so that vital systems are
compartmentalized. This makes the cyborg hard to kill in two ways:
it has a chance of “negating” penetration damage-doubling and it
places a upper limit on how much damage the cyborg can take from
any single penetrating damage hit (beyond that point the damage
simply passes “through” the cyborg). This threshold only applies to
weapons like bullets and lasers—swords aren’t affected because of
the cutting motion.
When the cyborg suffers a vital hit (a hit by 4+ from a penetrating
weapon), roll against the listed Save Roll and if you roll lower the
penetration modifiers don’t double—but you still suffer the damage
normally. Additionally, if you take damage (after armor) greater
than the listed Threshold from a single penetrating shot, reduce the
damage you actually took after armor to that listed number if a Save
Roll+2 is made.