14-08-2012, 10:36 AM
ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4-2003 Standard
1ZigBee IEEE.doc (Size: 962 KB / Downloads: 27)
Abstract
In today’s world we are faced with many different types of emergencies in the indoor environment. Response to such emergencies is critical in order to protect resources including human life. In this paper, we present an emergency response system which is easy to deploy and can report the emergency to the users in various forms, such as pop-ups on a computer screen, SMS on their cell phones and so on. Due to this flexibility of reporting, low cost and easy of deployment, wireless sensor network (WSN) emergency response systems will be the preferred emergency response systems of the future. We show a design for a WSN emergency response system using temperature sensors as a proof of concept. Comparison to other emergency response systems within the SIUC campus is also drawn out.
INTRODUCTION
In today’s world we are faced with increasingly many types of emergencies in our environments. One example which stands out is the gun violence which has plagued our universities and communities alike. In addition, institutions with poor infrastructure may not be able to minimize loss of resources and human life in times of natural catastrophes. The objective of this project is to design a wireless network using 802.15.4 and Zigbee to respond to any emergency and inform appropriate individuals in a timely and cost effective manner. The project further aims to enable ease of installations of variety of sensors and networking possibilities with a variety of networks such as CISCO messaging client or a desktop program in order to make messaging easily integrated with existing systems.
. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is as a wireless network which consists of equally distributed autonomous devices using sensors capable of monitoring the physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at various different locations especially for buildings in campus [17-19]. In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery [17].
The envisaged size of a single sensor node can vary from shoebox-sized nodes down to devices the size of grain of dust, although functioning 'motes' of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity required of individual sensor nodes [18]. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth [19].
Wireless Emergency Notification System
Wireless Emergency Notification System (WENS) by Inspiron Logistics uses True text messaging to notify people on campus of an emergency. True text messaging or SMS is the top recommendation for implementing a campus-wide notification solution as indicated in the Governor of Virginia’s report on the Virginia Tech Incident that came out in September of 2007 [2]. The WENS connectivity protocols to the Carriers ensure delivery in a timely manner, even during phone network overloads similar to the VA Tech campus scenario. WENS has a high reliability rate because they have gone through the proper process with all North American Carriers [2]. The cost for a WENS system is much lower when offering service to unlimited users [2].
The WENS system can be initiated by a mobile device by texting to 69310. Most systems rely on a phone call or web access to initiate a notification.
Implementation plan
The project will utilize open hardware for realizing its goals. Specifically we intend to use Arduino’s Xbee solution to conduct a feasibility study. The reason to choose Arduino platform is also to have a cost effective and a robust design. The eventual goal is for the project to use PC’s as the 'sink' in order to collect data from various sensors and provide them in a user friendly fashion. This data can then be stored appropriately as well. Client software can be developed and can be programmed to read out messages or pop out notifications that are deemed as emergency based on a preexisting criterion. Our project will focus on fire emergency and temperature sensors are used to conduct the feasibility study of the system.
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY AND MAC STANDARD
IEEE 802.15.4 standard offers an implementation for the lower layers, PHY and MAC, for a typical WSN as discussed in [13]. 802.15.4 focuses mainly on low-cost, low-speed communication between devices. The basic IEEE 802.15.4 framework defines a 10-meter communications area with a maximum transfer rate of 250kbits/s. It is the basis for the ZigBee specification, which further attempts to offer a complete networking solution by developing the upper layers which interface with the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC [7].
ZigBee
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for WSN. ZigBee devices can be interfaced to the computer or other end points [8]. We need a ZigBee modem in order to connect to user understandable digital interface, such as the computer. Zigbee Modems connect to the USB port of the computer, and mounts on a COM port (a standard serial port).
The ZigBee provisions for devices to communicate with each other using a Mesh, Tree or Star topology. As a result, ZigBee modems can be used to talk to many ZigBee devices and we can choose which device we want to talk to at any time. There are two ZigBee modules, series 1 and series 2. The module shown in Fig. 1 is the ZigBee 1 module. A ZigBee Series 2 Modem is needed to talk to ZigBee Series 2 devices. ZigBee Series 2 offers a new feature called mesh networking. Mesh networking allows our computer to talk to devices that are out of range by talking to devices that are in between [11].
1ZigBee IEEE.doc (Size: 962 KB / Downloads: 27)
Abstract
In today’s world we are faced with many different types of emergencies in the indoor environment. Response to such emergencies is critical in order to protect resources including human life. In this paper, we present an emergency response system which is easy to deploy and can report the emergency to the users in various forms, such as pop-ups on a computer screen, SMS on their cell phones and so on. Due to this flexibility of reporting, low cost and easy of deployment, wireless sensor network (WSN) emergency response systems will be the preferred emergency response systems of the future. We show a design for a WSN emergency response system using temperature sensors as a proof of concept. Comparison to other emergency response systems within the SIUC campus is also drawn out.
INTRODUCTION
In today’s world we are faced with increasingly many types of emergencies in our environments. One example which stands out is the gun violence which has plagued our universities and communities alike. In addition, institutions with poor infrastructure may not be able to minimize loss of resources and human life in times of natural catastrophes. The objective of this project is to design a wireless network using 802.15.4 and Zigbee to respond to any emergency and inform appropriate individuals in a timely and cost effective manner. The project further aims to enable ease of installations of variety of sensors and networking possibilities with a variety of networks such as CISCO messaging client or a desktop program in order to make messaging easily integrated with existing systems.
. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is as a wireless network which consists of equally distributed autonomous devices using sensors capable of monitoring the physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at various different locations especially for buildings in campus [17-19]. In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery [17].
The envisaged size of a single sensor node can vary from shoebox-sized nodes down to devices the size of grain of dust, although functioning 'motes' of genuine microscopic dimensions have yet to be created. The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity required of individual sensor nodes [18]. Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth [19].
Wireless Emergency Notification System
Wireless Emergency Notification System (WENS) by Inspiron Logistics uses True text messaging to notify people on campus of an emergency. True text messaging or SMS is the top recommendation for implementing a campus-wide notification solution as indicated in the Governor of Virginia’s report on the Virginia Tech Incident that came out in September of 2007 [2]. The WENS connectivity protocols to the Carriers ensure delivery in a timely manner, even during phone network overloads similar to the VA Tech campus scenario. WENS has a high reliability rate because they have gone through the proper process with all North American Carriers [2]. The cost for a WENS system is much lower when offering service to unlimited users [2].
The WENS system can be initiated by a mobile device by texting to 69310. Most systems rely on a phone call or web access to initiate a notification.
Implementation plan
The project will utilize open hardware for realizing its goals. Specifically we intend to use Arduino’s Xbee solution to conduct a feasibility study. The reason to choose Arduino platform is also to have a cost effective and a robust design. The eventual goal is for the project to use PC’s as the 'sink' in order to collect data from various sensors and provide them in a user friendly fashion. This data can then be stored appropriately as well. Client software can be developed and can be programmed to read out messages or pop out notifications that are deemed as emergency based on a preexisting criterion. Our project will focus on fire emergency and temperature sensors are used to conduct the feasibility study of the system.
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY AND MAC STANDARD
IEEE 802.15.4 standard offers an implementation for the lower layers, PHY and MAC, for a typical WSN as discussed in [13]. 802.15.4 focuses mainly on low-cost, low-speed communication between devices. The basic IEEE 802.15.4 framework defines a 10-meter communications area with a maximum transfer rate of 250kbits/s. It is the basis for the ZigBee specification, which further attempts to offer a complete networking solution by developing the upper layers which interface with the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC [7].
ZigBee
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for WSN. ZigBee devices can be interfaced to the computer or other end points [8]. We need a ZigBee modem in order to connect to user understandable digital interface, such as the computer. Zigbee Modems connect to the USB port of the computer, and mounts on a COM port (a standard serial port).
The ZigBee provisions for devices to communicate with each other using a Mesh, Tree or Star topology. As a result, ZigBee modems can be used to talk to many ZigBee devices and we can choose which device we want to talk to at any time. There are two ZigBee modules, series 1 and series 2. The module shown in Fig. 1 is the ZigBee 1 module. A ZigBee Series 2 Modem is needed to talk to ZigBee Series 2 devices. ZigBee Series 2 offers a new feature called mesh networking. Mesh networking allows our computer to talk to devices that are out of range by talking to devices that are in between [11].