17-08-2012, 11:43 AM
CYBER CRIMES
12CYBER CRIMES.docx (Size: 348.54 KB / Downloads: 58)
Introduction of Cyber Crimes :-
Definition
Computer crime or cyber crime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Net crime refers to criminal exploitation of the Internet. Cybercrimes are defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS)".
Types Of Cyber Crimes
Financial Crimes
Money is the most common motive behind all crime. The same is also true for cyber crime. Globally it is being observed that more and more cyber crimes are being committed for financial motives rather than for “revenge” or for “fun”.
Financial crimes include cyber cheating, credit card frauds, money laundering, hacking into bank servers, computer manipulation, accounting scams etc.
Cyber Pornography
Cyber pornography is believed to be one of the largest businesses on the Internet today. The millions of pornographic websites that flourish on the Internet are testimony to this. While pornography per se is not illegal in many countries, child pornography is strictly illegal in most nations today. Cyber pornography covers pornographic websites, pornographic magazines produced using computers (to publish and print the material) and the Internet (to download and transmit pornographic pictures, photos, writings etc).
Sale of Illegal Article
It is becoming increasingly common to find cases where sale of illegal articles such as narcotics drugs, weapons, wildlife etc. is being facilitated by the Internet. Information about the availability of the products for sale is being posted on auction websites, bulletin boards etc. It is practically impossible to control or prevent a criminal from setting up a website to transact in illegal articles. Additionally, there are several online payment gateways that can transfer money around the world at the click of a button.
Online Gambling
There are thousands of websites that offer online gambling. The special issue with online gambling is that it is legalised in several countries. So legally the owners of these websites are safe in their home countries. The legal issues arise when a person residing in a foreign country like India (where such websites are illegal) gambles on such a website.
Intellectual Property Crimes
These include software piracy, copyright infringement, trademarks violations, theft of computer source code etc.
Email Spoofing
A spoofed email is one that appears to originate from one source but actually has been sent from another source e.g Pooja has an e-mail address pooja[at]asianlaws.org. Her ex-boyfriend, Sameer spoofs her e-mail and sends obscene messages to all her acquaintances. Since the e-mails appear to have originated from Pooja, her friends may take offence and relationships may be spoiled for life.
Forgery
Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets, academic certificates etc are made by criminals using sophisticated computers, printers and scanners.
Cyber Defamation
This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. e.g. Sameer publishes defamatory matter about Pooja on a website or sends e-mails containing defamatory information to Pooja’s friends.
Web defacement
Website defacement is usually the substitution of the original home page of a website with another page (usually pornographic or defamatory in nature) by a hacker.
Religious and government sites are regularly targeted by hackers in order to display political or religious beliefs. Disturbing images and offensive phrases might be displayed in the process, as well as a signature of sorts, to show who was responsible for the defacement.
Websites are not only defaced for political reasons, many defacers do it just for the thrill. For example, there are online contests in which hackers are awarded points for defacing the largest number of web sites in a specified amount of time.
12CYBER CRIMES.docx (Size: 348.54 KB / Downloads: 58)
Introduction of Cyber Crimes :-
Definition
Computer crime or cyber crime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Net crime refers to criminal exploitation of the Internet. Cybercrimes are defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (SMS/MMS)".
Types Of Cyber Crimes
Financial Crimes
Money is the most common motive behind all crime. The same is also true for cyber crime. Globally it is being observed that more and more cyber crimes are being committed for financial motives rather than for “revenge” or for “fun”.
Financial crimes include cyber cheating, credit card frauds, money laundering, hacking into bank servers, computer manipulation, accounting scams etc.
Cyber Pornography
Cyber pornography is believed to be one of the largest businesses on the Internet today. The millions of pornographic websites that flourish on the Internet are testimony to this. While pornography per se is not illegal in many countries, child pornography is strictly illegal in most nations today. Cyber pornography covers pornographic websites, pornographic magazines produced using computers (to publish and print the material) and the Internet (to download and transmit pornographic pictures, photos, writings etc).
Sale of Illegal Article
It is becoming increasingly common to find cases where sale of illegal articles such as narcotics drugs, weapons, wildlife etc. is being facilitated by the Internet. Information about the availability of the products for sale is being posted on auction websites, bulletin boards etc. It is practically impossible to control or prevent a criminal from setting up a website to transact in illegal articles. Additionally, there are several online payment gateways that can transfer money around the world at the click of a button.
Online Gambling
There are thousands of websites that offer online gambling. The special issue with online gambling is that it is legalised in several countries. So legally the owners of these websites are safe in their home countries. The legal issues arise when a person residing in a foreign country like India (where such websites are illegal) gambles on such a website.
Intellectual Property Crimes
These include software piracy, copyright infringement, trademarks violations, theft of computer source code etc.
Email Spoofing
A spoofed email is one that appears to originate from one source but actually has been sent from another source e.g Pooja has an e-mail address pooja[at]asianlaws.org. Her ex-boyfriend, Sameer spoofs her e-mail and sends obscene messages to all her acquaintances. Since the e-mails appear to have originated from Pooja, her friends may take offence and relationships may be spoiled for life.
Forgery
Counterfeit currency notes, postage and revenue stamps, mark sheets, academic certificates etc are made by criminals using sophisticated computers, printers and scanners.
Cyber Defamation
This occurs when defamation takes place with the help of computers and / or the Internet. e.g. Sameer publishes defamatory matter about Pooja on a website or sends e-mails containing defamatory information to Pooja’s friends.
Web defacement
Website defacement is usually the substitution of the original home page of a website with another page (usually pornographic or defamatory in nature) by a hacker.
Religious and government sites are regularly targeted by hackers in order to display political or religious beliefs. Disturbing images and offensive phrases might be displayed in the process, as well as a signature of sorts, to show who was responsible for the defacement.
Websites are not only defaced for political reasons, many defacers do it just for the thrill. For example, there are online contests in which hackers are awarded points for defacing the largest number of web sites in a specified amount of time.