23-08-2012, 03:32 PM
ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
ADVANCED COMPUTER.pdf (Size: 422.22 KB / Downloads: 31)
Fundamentals of Computer Design
Computer technology has made incredible progress in the roughly from last 55 years. This rapid rate of improvement has come both from advances in the technology used to build computers and from innovation in computer design. During the first 25 years of electronic computers, both forces made a major contribution; but beginning in about 1970, computer designers became largely dependent upon integrated circuit technology. During the 1970s, performance continued to improve at about 25% to 30% per year for the mainframes and minicomputers that dominated the industry.
The late 1970s after invention of microprocessor the growth roughly increased 35% per year in performance. This growth rate, combined with the cost advantages of a mass-produced microprocessor, led to an increasing fraction of the computer business. In addition, two significant changes are observed in computer industry.
Explain various Technology Trends in Computer Industry
Technology Trends
The changes in the computer applications space over the last decade have dramatically changed the metrics. Desktop computers remain focused on optimizing cost-performance as measured by a single user, servers focus on availability, scalability, and throughput cost-performance, and embedded computers are driven by price and often power issues.
If an instruction set architecture is to be successful, it must be designed to survive rapid changes in computer technology. An architect must plan for technology changes that can increase the lifetime of a computer.
Scaling of Transistor Performance, Wires, and Power in Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuit processes are characterized by the feature size, which is decreased from 10 microns in 1971 to 0.18 microns in 2001. Since a transistor is a 2-dimensional object, the density of transistors increases quadratically with a linear decrease in feature size. The increase in transistor performance, this combination of scaling factors leads to a complex interrelationship between transistor performance and process feature size.
ADVANCED COMPUTER.pdf (Size: 422.22 KB / Downloads: 31)
Fundamentals of Computer Design
Computer technology has made incredible progress in the roughly from last 55 years. This rapid rate of improvement has come both from advances in the technology used to build computers and from innovation in computer design. During the first 25 years of electronic computers, both forces made a major contribution; but beginning in about 1970, computer designers became largely dependent upon integrated circuit technology. During the 1970s, performance continued to improve at about 25% to 30% per year for the mainframes and minicomputers that dominated the industry.
The late 1970s after invention of microprocessor the growth roughly increased 35% per year in performance. This growth rate, combined with the cost advantages of a mass-produced microprocessor, led to an increasing fraction of the computer business. In addition, two significant changes are observed in computer industry.
Explain various Technology Trends in Computer Industry
Technology Trends
The changes in the computer applications space over the last decade have dramatically changed the metrics. Desktop computers remain focused on optimizing cost-performance as measured by a single user, servers focus on availability, scalability, and throughput cost-performance, and embedded computers are driven by price and often power issues.
If an instruction set architecture is to be successful, it must be designed to survive rapid changes in computer technology. An architect must plan for technology changes that can increase the lifetime of a computer.
Scaling of Transistor Performance, Wires, and Power in Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuit processes are characterized by the feature size, which is decreased from 10 microns in 1971 to 0.18 microns in 2001. Since a transistor is a 2-dimensional object, the density of transistors increases quadratically with a linear decrease in feature size. The increase in transistor performance, this combination of scaling factors leads to a complex interrelationship between transistor performance and process feature size.