17-09-2012, 04:02 PM
RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
RFID BASED ATTENDANCE.docx (Size: 921.37 KB / Downloads: 156)
ABSTRACT
Aim:
To implement the RFID based attendance system.
Project Description:
This Project deals with giving the security as well as recording the attendance of the employees. In this Project RFID Technology is used to give the permission into the premises and also employees timings will be recorded in the system and will be stored as a database. To get the current time RTC DS1307 is used and for displaying the data LCD is used.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Embedded systems can be defined as a combination of hardware and software that form a part of some larger system and are generally designed to perform some specific task. An embedded system consists of a specially designed micro-processor , programmable ROM or RAM and other circuitry, e.g., an Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) specific to the task for which it was designed. An embedded system can be defined as a computing device that does a specific focused job. Appliances such as the air-conditioner, VCD player, DVD player, printer, fax machine, mobile phones etc. are the examples of the embedded systems. Each of these appliances will have a processor and a special hardware to meet the specific requirement of the application along with the embedded software that is executed by the processor for meeting the specific requirement.
Central processing unit(CPU):
The central processing unit (processor in short) can be any of the following. Microcontroller, microprocessor or Digital signal processor (DSP).A micro-controller is a low-cost processor. Its main attraction is that on the chip itself, there will be many other components such as memory, serial communication interface, analog to digital converter etc. So, for small appliances micro-controller is a best choice as the number of external components required are less.
Memory:
The memory is categorized as Random acess memory(RAM) and read only memory(ROM).the contents of the ram will be erased if the current is switched off to the chip, whereas ROM retains the content even if the power is switched off. So,firmware is stored in the ROM. When power is switched on, the processor reads the ROM; the program is executed.
Input devices:
Unlike the desktops input devices to the embedded system have very limited capability. There will be no keyboard or a mouse, and hence interacting with the embedded system is no easy task. Many embedded system will have a small keypad-you press one key to give a specific command .A keypad may be used to input only the digits. Many embedded system used in process control do not have any input device for the interaction.
Description of Microcontroller AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K
bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.
By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on
a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes
of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator,
and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation
down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.
The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents
but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt
or hardware reset.
RFID BASED ATTENDANCE.docx (Size: 921.37 KB / Downloads: 156)
ABSTRACT
Aim:
To implement the RFID based attendance system.
Project Description:
This Project deals with giving the security as well as recording the attendance of the employees. In this Project RFID Technology is used to give the permission into the premises and also employees timings will be recorded in the system and will be stored as a database. To get the current time RTC DS1307 is used and for displaying the data LCD is used.
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Embedded systems can be defined as a combination of hardware and software that form a part of some larger system and are generally designed to perform some specific task. An embedded system consists of a specially designed micro-processor , programmable ROM or RAM and other circuitry, e.g., an Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) specific to the task for which it was designed. An embedded system can be defined as a computing device that does a specific focused job. Appliances such as the air-conditioner, VCD player, DVD player, printer, fax machine, mobile phones etc. are the examples of the embedded systems. Each of these appliances will have a processor and a special hardware to meet the specific requirement of the application along with the embedded software that is executed by the processor for meeting the specific requirement.
Central processing unit(CPU):
The central processing unit (processor in short) can be any of the following. Microcontroller, microprocessor or Digital signal processor (DSP).A micro-controller is a low-cost processor. Its main attraction is that on the chip itself, there will be many other components such as memory, serial communication interface, analog to digital converter etc. So, for small appliances micro-controller is a best choice as the number of external components required are less.
Memory:
The memory is categorized as Random acess memory(RAM) and read only memory(ROM).the contents of the ram will be erased if the current is switched off to the chip, whereas ROM retains the content even if the power is switched off. So,firmware is stored in the ROM. When power is switched on, the processor reads the ROM; the program is executed.
Input devices:
Unlike the desktops input devices to the embedded system have very limited capability. There will be no keyboard or a mouse, and hence interacting with the embedded system is no easy task. Many embedded system will have a small keypad-you press one key to give a specific command .A keypad may be used to input only the digits. Many embedded system used in process control do not have any input device for the interaction.
Description of Microcontroller AT89S52:
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K
bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-
standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.
By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on
a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a
highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes
of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator,
and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation
down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes.
The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and
interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents
but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt
or hardware reset.