24-09-2012, 11:22 AM
FABRICATION OF UNIVERSAL TAPPING MACHINE
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INTRODUCTION:
The project work subject is one, in which actually we are leaning the theoretical concepts in practical way. Also the practical Experience is one of the aims of this subject. For a developing industry these operating performed and the parts or components produced should have its minimum possible production cost, then only the industry runs profitably. There are a number of units having used in industries for various purposes.
LITERATURE SURVEY
PNEUMATICS
The word ‘pneuma’comes from greek and means breather wind. The word pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived from the word pneuma.today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the application of air as a working medium in industry especially the driving and controlling of machines and equipment.
Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out the simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has
Played a more important role in the development of pneumatic technology for automation.
Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When the pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.
SELECTION OF PNEUMATICS:
Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by mechanical power. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low Cost mechanization particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations. Many factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is capable of providing the power (or) energy requirements and control system (although equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously applied to other forms of power).
PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR
Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must be made available. In sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the system. When pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.
The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air, gas at a certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure. Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air
At intake conditions namely at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.
Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the life of a compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result increased precipitation of condense from the compressed air.
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS:
Built for either stationary (or) portable service the reciprocating compressor is by far the most common type. Reciprocating compressors lap be had is sizes from the smallest capacities to deliver more than 500m3/min.In single stage compressor, the air pressure may be of 6 bar machines discharge of pressure is up to 15bars.Discharge pressure in the range of 250bars can be obtained with high pressure reciprocating compressors that of three & four stages. Single stage and 1200 stage models are particularly suitable
For applications, with preference going to the two stage design as soon as the discharge pressure exceeds 6 bars, because it in capable of matching the performance of single stage machine at lower costs per driving powers in the range.
SOLENOID VALVE
The directional valve is one of the important parts of a pneumatic system. Commonly known as DCV; this valve is used to control the direction of air flow in the pneumatic system. The directional valve does this by changing the position of its internal movable parts.
This valve was selected for speedy operation and to reduce the manual effort and also for the modification of the machine into automatic machine by means of using a solenoid valve.
A solenoid is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into straight line motion and force. These are also used to operate a mechanical operation which in turn operates the valve mechanism. Solenoid is one is which the plunger is pulled when the solenoid is energized.
Solenoid plunger
The solenoid plunger is the mover mechanism of the solenoid. The plunger is made of steel laminations which are riveted together under high pressure, so that there will be no movement of the lamination with respect to one another. At the top of the plunger a pin hole is placed for making a connection to some device. The solenoid plunger is moved by a magnetic force in one direction and is usually returned by spring action.
Solenoid operated valves are usually provided with cover either the solenoid or the entire valve. This protects the solenoid from dirt and other foreign matter, and protects the actuator. In many applications it is necessary to use explosion proof solenoids.
CONTROL UNIT:
In pneumatic multipurpose device is an air-operated device used for many small operations. It is a portable one. Compressed air is the source of energy for this device. The compressed air is allowed through the nozzle in such a way to rotate to fan> the rotation is utilized for machining.
The nozzle are welded the fan can be rotated in either directions by operating by one-way works. The rpm, and torque of the shaft depends upon the pressure of the air admitted so by varying the pressured the RPM and torque can be varied.Thick tubes interconnect the parts. The clamps are used at the connecting parts to prevent leakage.in thread parts seals are used to prevent leakage.
Here the compressed air form the compressor firstly enters the Control unit. In the control unit the pressure of the air is controlled unit the pressure of the air is controlled and sent to the barrel to rotate the fan in any one direction. The gate valve controls the pressure volume of air.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The cylindrical tapping machine device is an air operated device used for many small operations. It is a portable one. Compressed air is the source of Energy for this device. The compressed air is allowed through the nozzle in such a way to rotate to fan. The rotation obtained is utilized for machining. The nozzles are welded to the barrel at an angle to facilitate free rotation. The rpm and Torque of the shaft depends upon the pressure of the air admitted so by varying the pressure the rpm and torque can be varied.
The parts are interred connected by thick tubes. Clamps are used at the connecting parts to prevent leakage. In threaded parts thread seals are used to prevent leakage. Here the compressed air from the compressor firstly enters the control unit. In the control unit the pressure of the air is controlled and sent to the barrel to rotate the fan in any one direction.
CONCLUSION
The project carried out by us made an impressing task in the field of small scale industries. It is very useful for workers to tapping the drilling holes.
This project will reduce the cost involved in the concern. Project has been designed to perform the entire requirement task at the shortest time available.