13-04-2010, 06:39 PM
GPS & its applications.ppt (Size: 6.35 MB / Downloads: 1,296)
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM & ITS APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY :
KIRAN LAL A
ROLL NO 06238
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
MEASURING DISTANCE
SOURCES OF ERROR
APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
GIS
It is a computerized information storage processing and retrieval system that has hardware and software especially designed to cope with geographical referenced spatial data
GIS
Techniques to input geographical information converting the information to digital form
Techniques for sorting information in a compact format on computer disk or digital storage media
Can analyze, make measurements and find optimum sites or routes and a hosts of other tasks
Can predict outcome of various scenarios, can display data in the form of maps, images etc
GPS HISTORY
LAUNCH OF SPUTNIK IN 1957
TRANSIT SYSTEM IN 1960
FIRST SATELLITE IN 1970
F.O.C (Full Operational Capacity) IN JULY 17 1995
$ 12 BILLION
NAVSTAR
DESIGNED BY U.S DoD
PRIMARY USE- MILITARY
GPS ELEMENTS
1. SPACE SEGMENT
2. CONTROL SEGMENT
3. USER SEGMENT
SPACE SEGMENT
24 SATELLITES IN A CONSTELLATION OF 6 ORBITAL PLANES, EACH SATELLITE COMPLETES 1 REVOLUTION IN 12 HOURS
6 ORBITS INCLINED 55 DEGREES FROM THE EQUATOR
4 SATELLITES FOR 3-D POSITIONING
This configuration provides for at least 4 equally spaced satellites within each of the orbital planes
SPACE SEGMENT
CONTROL SEGMENT
MONITOR STATIONS
MASTER CONTROL STATION
Frequency L1=1575.42 MHz C/A code, L2=1227.60 MHz P code
CONTROL SEGMENT
USER SEGMENT
CONSISTS OF GPS RECEIVER,ANTENNA AND PROCESSOR
SPS-STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE
PPS-PRECISE POSITIONING SERVICE
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
TRILATERATION PRINCIPLE
A body cannot occupy 2 positions in space simultaneously
2D TRILATERATION
3D LATERATION
2-D TRILATERATION
3-D TRILATERATION
MEASURING DISTANCE
SATELLITE AND THE RECEIVER GENERATE SAME PSEUDO-RANDOM CODES AT THE SAME TIME
MEASURING HOW LONG THE SIGNAL TAKES TO REACH US
MULTIPLY THE TRAVEL TIME BY THE SPEED OF LIGHT
SOURCES OF ERROR
SOURCES OF ERROR
SIGNAL ARRIVAL TIME MEASUREMENT
CLOCK ERRORS
ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS
MULTIPATH EFFECT
GEOMETRIC DILUTION OF PRECISION
SELECTIVE AVAILABILITY
APPLICATIONS
LOCATION
NAVIGATION
TRACKING
MAPPING
TIMING
LOCATION
NAVIGATION
TRACKING
MAPPING
TIMING
FIELDS OF APPLICATIONS
MILITARY
CIVILIAN
MILITARY
CIVILIAN
LAND NAVIGATION
AVIATION
ACCURATE POSITION DATA
SHORTEST ROUTES
SURVEYING
REDUCE AMOUNT OF LABOUR & EQUIPMENT
CONCLUSION
Satellite based navigational aid
Guided by 24 satellites round the globe in 6 orbits
3D positioning and time
Type of terrain and weather does not effect positioning
Cheap and precise operating equipment
Inherent error correction mode
A variant of GPS , DGPS has already been introduced
REFERENCES
GIS and Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Management (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore)
www.en.wikipedia.org
Trimbleâ„¢s online GPS tutorial
www.howstuffworks.com