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Salvia officinalis is a perennial, evergreen subshrub with woody stems grayish leaves, and blue to purplish flowers. It is a member of the family Lamiaceae and is native to the Mediterranean region, though it has naturalized in many places throughout the world. It has a long history of medicinal use. know in modern times cultivated as an ornamental garden plant. Sage was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. It has been grown for centuries in the Old World for its food and healing properties, and was often described in old herbals for the many miraculous properties attributed to it
Although some of these modern reference sources vaguely discuss its effects on the central nervous system, research into older literature reveals that sage had some activities that may be considered today to be relevant to the treatment of depression. Salvia species are known for the beneficial effects on memory disorders, depression, and brain ischemia.
The first neurotransmitter discovered ACh is neurotransmitter at all autonomic ganglia, at many autonomically innervated organs, at the neuromuscular junction, and at many synapses in the central nervous system. In the autonomic nervous system, ACh is the neurotransmitter in the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons, as well as at the adrenal medulla and serves as the neurotransmitter in all the parasympathetic. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, acetycholine acetylhydrolase, is found in many types of conducting tissue: nerve and muscle, central and peripheral tissues, motor and sensory fibers, and cholinergic
Essential oil of S. officinalis has been shown to inhibit 46% of AChE activity at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml