22-10-2016, 08:52 AM
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s automatic hand brake release mechanism has been replaced by the manual hand brake release
mechanism. This has taken up an additional use in control of the vehicle by no initiating a rear-wheel skid.
Theautomatic hand brake release mechanism is one of the most effective hand braking system over the conventional systems.
This type of mechanism provides totally lever-less operation which saves the effort as well as the space
utilization of the vehicle. Generally the hand brake is manually operated whereas in our project work, we have developed an automatic handbrake release mechanism for safety purpose. The engagement and disengagement of the handbrake is done with the help of hydraulic actuators. Moreover when the ignition system is turned off the solenoid switch gets in and the piston from master cylinder pressurize the oil and then by the means of the
hydraulic system it engages the handbrake mechanism. Although sometimes it also known as an emergency brake, using it in any emergency whereas the footbrake is still operational is likely to badly upset the brake balance of the car and vastly increase the likelihood of loss of control of the vehicle, for example by initiating a rear-wheel skid. Additionally, the stopping force provided by using the handbrake is small and would not significantly aid in stopping the vehicle. The hand brake is instead intended for use in case of mechanical failure
where the regular footbrake is inoperable or compromised. Modern brake systems are typically very reliable and equipped with dual-circuit hydraulics and low-brake-fluid sensor systems, meaning the handbrake are rarely used to stop a moving vehicle. Comparing with manual handbrake system it has a compact design as well as striking looks having more efficiency. The paper comprises of detail project about Design, Development and
Analysis of automatic handbrake release mechanism with having various applications. Taking this criterion into consideration, project is explained along with results which shows how efficient are the automatic handbrakes.
Keywords: Handbrake, Actuators, Solenoid Switch, Master Cylinder
I. INTRODUCTION
The most important part in the automobile is the hand brake which is also known as a latching brake.It is used
generally when the automobile is parked, thus the alternative name i.e., parking brakes is used to keep the car
stationary also called as automobile e-brakes brake.The most common use of a parking brake is to keep the
vehicle motionless when it is parked. Car emergency brakes have a ratchet locking usually consist of a cable
directly connected to the brake mechanism this will keep them engaged until a release mechanism button is
pressed by the driver. Transmissions, this is usually used in concert with a mechanism is often a hand-operated lever, on the parking pawl in the transmission.
Automotive safety experts recommend the use of both systems to immobilize a parked car, and the use of bothsystems is required by law in some places yet many individuals use only the "Park" position on the automatic
transmission and not the parking brake. It's similar with manual transmission cars: They are recommended.always to be left with the handbrake engaged, in concert with their lowest gear (usually either first or reverse).
The use of both systems is also required by law in some jurisdictions. However, when parking on level ground, many people either only engage the handbrake (gear lever in neutral), or only select a gear (handbrake released).
If parking on a hill with only one system results in the car rolling and damaging the car or other property, insurance companies in some countries, for example in Germany, aren‟t required to pay for the damages. Hand brakes are also used to assist in hill starts on vehicles with manual transmissions. Use of the handbrake frees both feet for use on the accelerator and clutch pedals, allowing the car to move off without rolling back at
all. Our project comprises an electric circuit which consists microcontroller,stepper motor and two position sensor. After switching on the ignition and pressingthe clutch pedal it automatically releases the hand brake &when the ignition switch turns off it automatically engage the hand brake.
II. AUTOMATIC HANDBRAKE RELEASE MECHANISM
Due to failure of above unit or concept, we decided to change the system and modify it by keeping the purpose same. The newer concept was to introduce PLC Microcontroller along with servomotor which can lead to efficient as well as flexible in design and manipulate the Power Actuator.The use of Power Actuator made our operation easy and risk free.
The construction of newer circuit is much differs from primary one. In this, we eliminated the second master cylinder and used only one master cylinder of regular braking system. We have used the master cylinder of two wheeler disc brake. Because, use of four wheeler master cylinder requires the extra force by Power Actuator, which have a high cost. So, just we replaced it with help of small master cylinder. In regular braking system, the
master cylinder is connected to the brake pedal and then to the caliper on disc brake.The difference between regular brake system and an automatic handbrake system is as shown in figure.
Now a day’s automatic hand brake release mechanism has been replaced by the manual hand brake release
mechanism. This has taken up an additional use in control of the vehicle by no initiating a rear-wheel skid.
Theautomatic hand brake release mechanism is one of the most effective hand braking system over the conventional systems.
This type of mechanism provides totally lever-less operation which saves the effort as well as the space
utilization of the vehicle. Generally the hand brake is manually operated whereas in our project work, we have developed an automatic handbrake release mechanism for safety purpose. The engagement and disengagement of the handbrake is done with the help of hydraulic actuators. Moreover when the ignition system is turned off the solenoid switch gets in and the piston from master cylinder pressurize the oil and then by the means of the
hydraulic system it engages the handbrake mechanism. Although sometimes it also known as an emergency brake, using it in any emergency whereas the footbrake is still operational is likely to badly upset the brake balance of the car and vastly increase the likelihood of loss of control of the vehicle, for example by initiating a rear-wheel skid. Additionally, the stopping force provided by using the handbrake is small and would not significantly aid in stopping the vehicle. The hand brake is instead intended for use in case of mechanical failure
where the regular footbrake is inoperable or compromised. Modern brake systems are typically very reliable and equipped with dual-circuit hydraulics and low-brake-fluid sensor systems, meaning the handbrake are rarely used to stop a moving vehicle. Comparing with manual handbrake system it has a compact design as well as striking looks having more efficiency. The paper comprises of detail project about Design, Development and
Analysis of automatic handbrake release mechanism with having various applications. Taking this criterion into consideration, project is explained along with results which shows how efficient are the automatic handbrakes.
Keywords: Handbrake, Actuators, Solenoid Switch, Master Cylinder
I. INTRODUCTION
The most important part in the automobile is the hand brake which is also known as a latching brake.It is used
generally when the automobile is parked, thus the alternative name i.e., parking brakes is used to keep the car
stationary also called as automobile e-brakes brake.The most common use of a parking brake is to keep the
vehicle motionless when it is parked. Car emergency brakes have a ratchet locking usually consist of a cable
directly connected to the brake mechanism this will keep them engaged until a release mechanism button is
pressed by the driver. Transmissions, this is usually used in concert with a mechanism is often a hand-operated lever, on the parking pawl in the transmission.
Automotive safety experts recommend the use of both systems to immobilize a parked car, and the use of bothsystems is required by law in some places yet many individuals use only the "Park" position on the automatic
transmission and not the parking brake. It's similar with manual transmission cars: They are recommended.always to be left with the handbrake engaged, in concert with their lowest gear (usually either first or reverse).
The use of both systems is also required by law in some jurisdictions. However, when parking on level ground, many people either only engage the handbrake (gear lever in neutral), or only select a gear (handbrake released).
If parking on a hill with only one system results in the car rolling and damaging the car or other property, insurance companies in some countries, for example in Germany, aren‟t required to pay for the damages. Hand brakes are also used to assist in hill starts on vehicles with manual transmissions. Use of the handbrake frees both feet for use on the accelerator and clutch pedals, allowing the car to move off without rolling back at
all. Our project comprises an electric circuit which consists microcontroller,stepper motor and two position sensor. After switching on the ignition and pressingthe clutch pedal it automatically releases the hand brake &when the ignition switch turns off it automatically engage the hand brake.
II. AUTOMATIC HANDBRAKE RELEASE MECHANISM
Due to failure of above unit or concept, we decided to change the system and modify it by keeping the purpose same. The newer concept was to introduce PLC Microcontroller along with servomotor which can lead to efficient as well as flexible in design and manipulate the Power Actuator.The use of Power Actuator made our operation easy and risk free.
The construction of newer circuit is much differs from primary one. In this, we eliminated the second master cylinder and used only one master cylinder of regular braking system. We have used the master cylinder of two wheeler disc brake. Because, use of four wheeler master cylinder requires the extra force by Power Actuator, which have a high cost. So, just we replaced it with help of small master cylinder. In regular braking system, the
master cylinder is connected to the brake pedal and then to the caliper on disc brake.The difference between regular brake system and an automatic handbrake system is as shown in figure.