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Meat Process House Waste Material comprises of (a) soft material viz, soft Tissues, being Fascia, Ligament and Tendon, waste Meat, waste Fat and (b) hard material, being bones. Meat Process House Waste Material, normally in the ration of 60-65% of hard material and 35-41% of soft material, is stored in Raw MATERIAL BIN. Screw conveyors inside the BIN discharge a metered quantity of raw material for rendering as set by the WEIGHT BELT CONTROLLER. The raw material is conveyed by a METAL DETECTOR BELT into a PRE-BREAKER to reduce the particle size which then is screw conveyed to a second METAL DETERTRO BELT into PRE-BREAKER to reduce the particle sixe which then is screw conveyors inside the BIN discharge a metered quantity of raw material for rendering as set by the WEIGHT BELT CONTROLLER. The raw material is conveyed by a METAL DETECTOR BELT into PRE-BREAKER to reduce the particle size which then is screw conveyed to a second a METAL DETECTOR BELT which includes WEIGH UNIT. The pre-broken material is then grand down to its find size in the MINCER. The ground material is held in SURGE
BIN and meterd out by screw, which has variable speed control for setting the feed rate, to the RAW MATERIAL HEATER [RMH OR REACTOR]. Material from MINCER is fed to RMH where it is heated at 95 C to release Animal Fat from the material. The cooked material is pumped to a DECANTER which centrifugally separates feed liquids from solids. The liquid is pumped to the SEPERATOR A where the Animal Fat is extracted. Animal Fat is then pumped to Bulk Storage Tanks. SEPRATOR where the Animal Fat is extracted. Animal Fat is then pumped to Bulk Storage Tanks. SEPERATOR Stick water is discharged into drainage system aseperator sludge is pumped to the DRUM DRYER in feed screw. DECANTER solid and SEPERATOR sludge are Screw conveyed into the DRUM DRYER where they are dried. DRUM passes through a high efficiency CYCLONE A to remove dust from the air stream before the DRYER Fan blows it to CYLONE to cool/condense to HAMMER MILLS for processing by grinding the particles to desire fineness and making a homogenous mix leading to production of MEAT Cum Bone [MBM], Commercially knows as poultry Feed Supplement. If the production plan for any batch include production of Gel Bone Chips, solids from DRYER A outlet are fed into VIBRO GRADER by BUCKET ELEVATOR, VIBRO GRADER A consists of three types of mesh for size separation, 16mm & go to respective a OSCELLATING SCREEN, Particles having sixe below 422 & above 16mn go to Hammer Mill for production of Meat Cum Bone Meal [MBM]. There are two types fo OSCELLATING SCREEN, one each for two sizes of particles, viz. 4-8mm & 8-16mm. Separation of particles of meat & bones takes palace in OSCELLATING SCREEN using density method. Particles of meat go to HAMMER MIBB though screw conveyor for production of Meat Cum Bone Meal [MBM], Particle of bones go to respective GRAVITY SEPARATOR. There ar two GRAVTITY SEPARATORS each for 4-8 mm & 8-16mm size of Bones, Particles of bones of mm &8-16mm size that are separated from meat particles are sent from oscillating screen to gravity separators, GRAVITY SEPARATOR, by using method sends (a) higher density bones, being Gel Bone Chips, to Storage Silo and (b) lower density bones to HAMMER MILL through screw conveyor for production of Meat Cum Bone Meal [MBM]. There particles received in the AHAMMER MILL viz. (a) particle of meat & bones having size below 4mn & above 16mn received from VIBRO GRADER (b) paradise of meat received from OSCELLATING SCREEN and © lower density bones received from GRAVITY SEPARATORS, are processed by grinding the particles’ to desired fineness and making a homogenous mix leading to production of Meat Cum Bone Meal [MBM] which is Screw conveyed to the bulk, product BIN for bagging.
Four commercial products are obtained by crushing bones in bones crushing mills. These products are (1) Bone sinews, (2) Crushed bones,(3) Bonegrists and (4)Bone-meal, Useful information on this plant is available from the report of the marketing of bones and bone-meal in the India issued by the Director of Marketing and Inspection, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Government of India. The characteristics of these products as given in this report are as follows:
BoneSinews: These are the fibrous and tedious portions adhering to bones. These are obtained as by products from the bones crushing with and contained a high percentage of nitrogen and phosphates. The giu-making industry in India uses only a small proportion of the sinews produced, the rest being exported. Bone sinews are also being used as fertilizer for paddy fields in South India and when needed for this purpose the sinews the further powdered by re-crushing. (Para 13)
Crushed Bones- These are small pieces of bones less than 2 inches in length but not smaller than 3/16th rich. Crushed bones are mainly exported and find a ready market abroad for use as raw material in the manufacturer of glue and gelatin. These industries are not developed to any appreciable extent in India. According to the trade there are no factories in India that produce bone glue of proper quality. In India generally glue is manufactured on cottage industry scale from hide flashings and trimmings and bone sinews (P.14)
Bone Grists- These are crushed bones of a smaller size, i.e less than 3/16 inch more than 3/16 inch but more than 3/32 inc. Boine grist is mostly exported and the principal importing country is Ceylon where it is used as fertilizer. A very small quantity of grist is put to use in India by engineering firms for case hardening of still. (P.14)
The following extract from the Standard Cyclopedia of Modern Agriculture, vol. II, (P.155) is also useful:
Bone-meals and bone-dusts: With modern machinery bones can be ground to any required degree of fineness, thought it is course costs a little more to grind bones finely than to turn them out in a rough state. Old custom die hard, and as farmer have long been accustomed to purchase bone manures in a state in which there are pieces of bone large enough to be easily reorganized by the eyes as bone, they are suspicious of anything which is so finely ground as not to show such pieces. The popular bone meals and bone dusts of commerce are in this state. In these manures a variable proportion of the bone is really ground to the start of fine dust or flour, but a certain amount still remains in pieces from 1/10 to 1/14 in. or even more, or even more, in diameter, Such coarse pieces are too slow in action to be really of much value as manure, The writer has tested a great many commercial samples of bone-meal and bone-dust over a wire with ten meshed per liner inch. As a rule, from 5 to 20 per cent of the manure failed to pass such a sieve. Exceptional samples entirely passed through the sieve, but these are rare than coarse samples, of which over 20 per cent failed to pass. What are knows as bone-dusts generally contain more of the coarse particles than bone-dusts generally contain more of the coarse particles than bone-meals.
Meat and Bone Meal (MBM) is a product of the rendering industry. It is typically about 48-60 percent protein, 33-35 percent ash, 8-12 percent fat and 4-7 percent moisture, It is primarily used in the formulation of animal feed to improve this amino acid and profiled of the feed. Feeding Of MBM to cattle is thoughts to have responsible for the spread of BSE (mad cow disease), in most parts of the world, MBM is no longer in feed for ruminant animals. However, in some areas, including the US, MBM is still sued to feed monoester animals. It is widely used in the United States as a low-cost meal in dog food and cat food.(1)
Meat and Bone Meal Feedpedi ds FAOS Animal Feed Resource Information System 1999-2002 and from Bo Gohis Tropical Feeds
Slaughter house waste and dead animal are used to prepare meat and bone meal, Slaughter wastes consist of portion of animals that are not critiable for human consumption, such as carcass trimmings, condemned carcasses, condemned lives, inedible offal (lungs) and bones, normally hair, hooves and blood are nor included. After animals have died their carcasses can be rendered to destroy disease organisms and made also into meat and bone meal.
There can be a wide variation between plants and batches in what goes into the meat and bone meal that is being prepared. If the ash content is high, this indicates that it contain a higher amount of bones and is referred to as meat and bone meal. If the ash contents is lower it is referred to as meat meal. Typically when the phosphorus content is above 4.5 per cent.then it is called meat and bone meal and when it is below that level it is referred to as meat meal to some other term.
University of Florida (IFAS) Extension Prof. R.D Miles and J-P Jacob
Meat meal in the animal feedstuff produced by recycling animal by-products. These by-products include meat trimmings, inedible parts and organs, foetuses, and certain condemned carcasses. They are cooked (rendered) to produce a nutritional and economical feed ingredient. Bood, hari hoofts, horms, manure, stomach contents and hide trimmings are not permitted to be added to the meat meal it becomes meat and bone meal.
Nutrient Content- High quality meat and bone meal is usually guaranteed to contain a minimum of 50 per cent crude protein. Meant and bone meal normally contain a minimum of 4 per cent total phosphorus, Calcium typically does not exceed 2.2 times the level of total phosphorus.
Meat Cum Bone Meal presently produced in the modern rending plants is a valuable animal source of protein supplement in the manufacture of poultry feed. Meal Cum Bone Meal is different from Bone Meal in terms of the composition of constituents and finished product quality and their levl of use in poultry feed.
Meat Cum Bone Meal is produced using soft such as meat trimmings, fat trimmings, offal’s and some proportion of bones.
In the modern rendering plants, these by –products are rendered, sterilized that Meat Cum Bone Meal is produced, which is used in poultry feed upto 5 per cent. In this process, Tallow is also produced, which is also used as poultry feed ingredient.
The Bone Meal is produced by steam cooking the bones and drying and powdering to produce steamed bone meal, which when used in poultry is limited extent of upto 1 per cent as source of minerals.
Thus the Meat Cum Bone Meal and Bone Meal are two different ingredients. Meat Cum Bone Meal is commonly used as feed supplement for poultry. On the country, mineral supplements like oyster shell grit, stone girl, DCP are commonly used instead of bone meal.