02-02-2017, 12:20 PM
IT departments are forced to do more with less. Budgets are scarce, resources are scarce and skilled human resources can be scarce or costly. Almost all organisations are sitting on the vast, unused, widely distributed computing capacity. Mainframes are inactive 40% of the time. UNIX servers serve just under 10% of the time. And most PCs do nothing for 95% of a typical day. Grid computing is an emerging technology, where we can join a group of servers, PCs, storage systems and networks into one large system to deliver non-trivial service qualities. For an end user or an application, it looks like a great virtual computing system. Network computing is a computer network. Grid technology allows organisations to use numerous computers to solve problems by sharing computer resources
While Grid's work schedule has received a lot of attention in recent years, relatively few researchers have studied data placement problems. Although job management is important in network computing, management and data placement are likely to be among the most difficult problems for future Grid applications.
GRID
The name Grid computing originates from the comparison of a computational grid with the electric grid, which provides access to electricity on demand through wall outlets. Users do not have to worry about how and where electricity comes from. In the grid a grid is a system that provides access to on-demand computing resources without requiring knowledge about how and where these resources are located. One of the pioneers in the field of Grid computing, created a three-point checklist that defines a Grid as a system that:
1. Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control
2. Using standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces
3. Provide non-trivial quality of service
Network users want direct access to computers, software, data, or other resources, eg. Devices as Sensors. In order to coordinate the use of resources in a controlled manner without a centralised control point, individuals and institutes should compile sharing rules, for example, who is allowed to access resources and under what conditions it is acceptable to share. A set of individuals and / or institutes defined by such sharing rules forms a Virtual Organisation (VO). The term virtual implies that organisations can consist internally in different organisations and physical resources participants and contributors. VOs can viewed as allocations of computer resources and storage. For communication with the network, as well as within the network, standard, open, general purpose protocols and interfaces, eg Web Services, are used. These protocols increase the value of interconnection resources. Nontrivial service attributes provided by a grid indicate that the grid adds a value greater than that which can be obtained by using the resources individually. In practice, a grid is built on a heterogeneous computing infrastructure, for example, specialised hardware and commodity teams combine to form a collaborative infrastructure. To use these heterogeneous resources and to enable interoperability between them, the principles of a service-oriented architecture are often used in combination with Web services. Both paradigms are described in the following sections.
While Grid's work schedule has received a lot of attention in recent years, relatively few researchers have studied data placement problems. Although job management is important in network computing, management and data placement are likely to be among the most difficult problems for future Grid applications.
GRID
The name Grid computing originates from the comparison of a computational grid with the electric grid, which provides access to electricity on demand through wall outlets. Users do not have to worry about how and where electricity comes from. In the grid a grid is a system that provides access to on-demand computing resources without requiring knowledge about how and where these resources are located. One of the pioneers in the field of Grid computing, created a three-point checklist that defines a Grid as a system that:
1. Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control
2. Using standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces
3. Provide non-trivial quality of service
Network users want direct access to computers, software, data, or other resources, eg. Devices as Sensors. In order to coordinate the use of resources in a controlled manner without a centralised control point, individuals and institutes should compile sharing rules, for example, who is allowed to access resources and under what conditions it is acceptable to share. A set of individuals and / or institutes defined by such sharing rules forms a Virtual Organisation (VO). The term virtual implies that organisations can consist internally in different organisations and physical resources participants and contributors. VOs can viewed as allocations of computer resources and storage. For communication with the network, as well as within the network, standard, open, general purpose protocols and interfaces, eg Web Services, are used. These protocols increase the value of interconnection resources. Nontrivial service attributes provided by a grid indicate that the grid adds a value greater than that which can be obtained by using the resources individually. In practice, a grid is built on a heterogeneous computing infrastructure, for example, specialised hardware and commodity teams combine to form a collaborative infrastructure. To use these heterogeneous resources and to enable interoperability between them, the principles of a service-oriented architecture are often used in combination with Web services. Both paradigms are described in the following sections.