09-02-2017, 10:18 AM
A tsunami warning system (TWS) is used to detect tsunamis in advance and warnings to prevent loss of life and damage. It is composed of two equally important components: a network of sensors to detect tsunamis and a communications infrastructure to emit timely alarms to allow the evacuation of coastal areas. There are two distinct types of tsunami warning systems: international and regional. When operating, seismic alerts are used to instigate clocks and warnings; (Or ground tide gauges or DART buoys) are used to verify the existence of a tsunami. Other systems have been proposed to increase warning procedures; For example, it has been suggested that the duration and frequency of the energy of the t wave (which is the seismic energy trapped in the SOFAR channel of the ocean) is indicative of the tsunami potential of an earthquake.
Tsunami Warning System
Here's how the basic tsunami warning system works in the Pacific Northwest area. First, a key concept - there are two tsunami sources for Washington's coastal waters - a distant source and a local source.
A local source - if you feel violent jolts for several minutes, head to a higher ground. The earthquake is your warning. The most likely source for a violent earthquake of this magnitude is the Cascadia Subduction Zone just off our coast. The last associated earthquake was estimated at 9.0 magnitude on January 26, 1700 and was similar to the Sumatra 9.0 earthquake and subsequent Indian Ocean basin tsunami on December 26, 2004, as well as the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011 in Japan 9.0 magnitude Unesdoc.unesco.org unesdoc.unesco.org
What to do? - The simulations show that the initial tsunami wave of the 1700 event reached the coast in 20-30 minutes - so time is limited. Geological history showed waves with this event were as high as 30 feet. So you should get at least that level above.
To make matters worse, the earthquake will also lead to the coastal zone that moves up to six feet, which means that the ground and roads will probably be very uneven, and are now much lower than sea level. Since the roads will be in pieces, the evacuation must be on foot. Another form of evacuation is vertical evacuation in a sturdy building of at least three floors and rising at least to the third floor.
Other earthquake faults in the area could produce such violent violent earthquakes as the Seattle fault that produced a tsunami in Puget Sound about 1100 years ago. However, the most likely source for a local tsunami is the Cascadia Subduction Zone of our coast.
A distant source - The perimeter of the Pacific Ocean Basin, dubbed the Ring of Fire, has a number of earthquake sources that can produce strong earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater. During the 20th century, there were three earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater, the last being the 1964 Alaskan earthquake of magnitude 9.2 that produced a tsunami throughout the Pacific Basin. These types of earthquakes allow a waiting time of hours before their subsequent tsunami. Tsunamis from far away places like Japan or Chile will take 10 hours to get here, while from Alaska, only three to six hours.
The tsunamis generated from both sources of earthquakes penetrate the Puget Sound region through the Strait of Juan de Fuca and to coastal rivers, ports and bays, but they lose energy as they move inland.
What to do? - The Tsunami Warning System is in place to help minimise the loss of lives and property. The National Tsunami Warning Centre in Palmer, Alaska, monitors earthquakes and subsequent tsunami events. If tsunami is generated, issue tsunami warnings, warnings and warnings, as well as tsunami information statements in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre in Hawaii offers similar services for the state of Aloha as well as for all other American territories in the Pacific. They also serve as the International Tsunami Warning Centre for more than two dozen member countries in the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins as well as the Caribbean.
Both tsunami warning centres use information from earthquakes, tide gauges and now a new tool for NOAA - tsunami detection buoys, developed by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. A total of 39 buoys are now deployed around the world with nearly two dozen in the North Pacific to help scientists determine if a tsunami has broken out and across the Pacific before reaching the North American coast. Any false alarm. The dense buoy network helps to provide support to each other as the buoys are disrupted in the harsh North Pacific Ocean.Once a tsunami warning or warning is issued ,
Upon receipt of tsunami warnings and warnings, National Weather Service (NWS) coastal offices such as Seattle and Portland activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) through NOAA Weather Radio. All broadcasters (TV, AM / FM radio, cable TV) simultaneously receive the EAS tsunami message, as well as those with radio receivers in homes, businesses, schools, health centers, etc. In Washington state All Hazard Alert Broadcasts (AHABs) Outdoor sirens systems located in remote coastal areas are activated by the Washington State Emergency Management as well as by local authorities, alerting people to such places More isolated.
When receiving tsunami warning and alert messages, local emergency management officials may decide to activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) to evacuate low-lying coastal areas before the initial tsunami wave. Their EAS messages are also received by broadcasters, weather radio receivers, and Washington State All Hazard Alert (AHAB) alert stations to help spread these messages widely. Follow the instructions provided by your area's emergency management officers - they will help save your life and that of your loved ones.
If you want your own tsunami warning message reception system, get a NOAA weather radio receiver with EAS programmable features. They are available at most electronic radio retailers and on the Internet.
Role of education in tsunami-resistant community development
Education is another key element of the tsunami warning system. Many coastal areas have designated tsunami floodplains and marked evacuation routes to assist residents and visitors to higher ground. Emergency management officials also distribute tsunami education information, hold community meetings and workshops, and many more awareness-raising activities.
The National Weather Service recognises communities with strong tsunami warning and awareness programs through the Tsunami Ready community program. These communities are recognised for their efforts to improve their tsunami warning system, the widespread use of weather radio receivers and community awareness activities. Tsunami Ready traffic signs are also a part of NWS recognition.
Tsunami Warning System
Here's how the basic tsunami warning system works in the Pacific Northwest area. First, a key concept - there are two tsunami sources for Washington's coastal waters - a distant source and a local source.
A local source - if you feel violent jolts for several minutes, head to a higher ground. The earthquake is your warning. The most likely source for a violent earthquake of this magnitude is the Cascadia Subduction Zone just off our coast. The last associated earthquake was estimated at 9.0 magnitude on January 26, 1700 and was similar to the Sumatra 9.0 earthquake and subsequent Indian Ocean basin tsunami on December 26, 2004, as well as the earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011 in Japan 9.0 magnitude Unesdoc.unesco.org unesdoc.unesco.org
What to do? - The simulations show that the initial tsunami wave of the 1700 event reached the coast in 20-30 minutes - so time is limited. Geological history showed waves with this event were as high as 30 feet. So you should get at least that level above.
To make matters worse, the earthquake will also lead to the coastal zone that moves up to six feet, which means that the ground and roads will probably be very uneven, and are now much lower than sea level. Since the roads will be in pieces, the evacuation must be on foot. Another form of evacuation is vertical evacuation in a sturdy building of at least three floors and rising at least to the third floor.
Other earthquake faults in the area could produce such violent violent earthquakes as the Seattle fault that produced a tsunami in Puget Sound about 1100 years ago. However, the most likely source for a local tsunami is the Cascadia Subduction Zone of our coast.
A distant source - The perimeter of the Pacific Ocean Basin, dubbed the Ring of Fire, has a number of earthquake sources that can produce strong earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 or greater. During the 20th century, there were three earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 or greater, the last being the 1964 Alaskan earthquake of magnitude 9.2 that produced a tsunami throughout the Pacific Basin. These types of earthquakes allow a waiting time of hours before their subsequent tsunami. Tsunamis from far away places like Japan or Chile will take 10 hours to get here, while from Alaska, only three to six hours.
The tsunamis generated from both sources of earthquakes penetrate the Puget Sound region through the Strait of Juan de Fuca and to coastal rivers, ports and bays, but they lose energy as they move inland.
What to do? - The Tsunami Warning System is in place to help minimise the loss of lives and property. The National Tsunami Warning Centre in Palmer, Alaska, monitors earthquakes and subsequent tsunami events. If tsunami is generated, issue tsunami warnings, warnings and warnings, as well as tsunami information statements in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre in Hawaii offers similar services for the state of Aloha as well as for all other American territories in the Pacific. They also serve as the International Tsunami Warning Centre for more than two dozen member countries in the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins as well as the Caribbean.
Both tsunami warning centres use information from earthquakes, tide gauges and now a new tool for NOAA - tsunami detection buoys, developed by the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. A total of 39 buoys are now deployed around the world with nearly two dozen in the North Pacific to help scientists determine if a tsunami has broken out and across the Pacific before reaching the North American coast. Any false alarm. The dense buoy network helps to provide support to each other as the buoys are disrupted in the harsh North Pacific Ocean.Once a tsunami warning or warning is issued ,
Upon receipt of tsunami warnings and warnings, National Weather Service (NWS) coastal offices such as Seattle and Portland activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) through NOAA Weather Radio. All broadcasters (TV, AM / FM radio, cable TV) simultaneously receive the EAS tsunami message, as well as those with radio receivers in homes, businesses, schools, health centers, etc. In Washington state All Hazard Alert Broadcasts (AHABs) Outdoor sirens systems located in remote coastal areas are activated by the Washington State Emergency Management as well as by local authorities, alerting people to such places More isolated.
When receiving tsunami warning and alert messages, local emergency management officials may decide to activate the Emergency Alert System (EAS) to evacuate low-lying coastal areas before the initial tsunami wave. Their EAS messages are also received by broadcasters, weather radio receivers, and Washington State All Hazard Alert (AHAB) alert stations to help spread these messages widely. Follow the instructions provided by your area's emergency management officers - they will help save your life and that of your loved ones.
If you want your own tsunami warning message reception system, get a NOAA weather radio receiver with EAS programmable features. They are available at most electronic radio retailers and on the Internet.
Role of education in tsunami-resistant community development
Education is another key element of the tsunami warning system. Many coastal areas have designated tsunami floodplains and marked evacuation routes to assist residents and visitors to higher ground. Emergency management officials also distribute tsunami education information, hold community meetings and workshops, and many more awareness-raising activities.
The National Weather Service recognises communities with strong tsunami warning and awareness programs through the Tsunami Ready community program. These communities are recognised for their efforts to improve their tsunami warning system, the widespread use of weather radio receivers and community awareness activities. Tsunami Ready traffic signs are also a part of NWS recognition.