04-05-2017, 11:56 AM
Waste management or waste disposal are all activities and actions necessary to manage the waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes, inter alia, the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also covers the legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management which covers guidance on recycling, etc.
The term usually refers to all types of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the transformation of raw materials into intermediate and final products, consumption of final products or other human activities, including municipal activities (residential, institutional , Commercial), agricultural and social (health care, domestic hazardous waste, sewage sludge). [2] Waste management aims to reduce the adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform across countries (developed and developing countries); Regions (urban and rural) and sectors (residential and industrial).
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their suitability in terms of waste minimization. Waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies. The objective of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits of the products and generate the minimum amount of waste; See: resource recovery. The waste hierarchy is represented as a pyramid because the basic premise is that the policy takes measures in the first place and prevents the generation of waste. The next preferred step or action is to reduce the generation of waste, ie by reuse. The next is recycling, which would include composting. Following this step is the recovery of materials and the conversion of waste into energy. Energy can be recovered from processes, ie landfills and combustion, at this level of the hierarchy. The final action is the disposal, in landfills or by incineration without recovery of energy. This last step is the final resource for waste that has not been prevented, diverted or recovered. The waste hierarchy represents the progression of a product or material through the sequential stages of the waste management pyramid. The hierarchy represents the last parts of the life cycle of each product.
In most developed countries, the disposal of household waste is financed by a national or local tax that may be related to the income or nominal value of the home. Disposal of commercial and industrial wastes is often billed as a commercial service, often as an integrated charge that includes disposal costs. This practice can encourage disposal contractors to opt for the cheapest disposal option, such as landfill, instead of the best environmental solution, such as reuse and recycling. In some areas like Taipei, the city government charges their homes and industries for the amount of garbage they produce. The waste will only be collected by the municipality if the waste is deposited in garbage bags issued by the government. This policy has successfully reduced the amount of waste the city produces and increases the recycling rate.
An important method of waste management is the prevention of the waste material being created, also known as waste reduction. Avoidance methods include reusing second-hand products, repairing broken items instead of buying new ones, designing products to be reusable or reusable (such as cotton instead of plastic bags), encourage consumers To avoid the use of disposable products (such as disposable cutlery), to remove any food / liquid remains from cans and containers and to design products that use less material to achieve the same purpose (eg light weight beverage cans).
The term usually refers to all types of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the transformation of raw materials into intermediate and final products, consumption of final products or other human activities, including municipal activities (residential, institutional , Commercial), agricultural and social (health care, domestic hazardous waste, sewage sludge). [2] Waste management aims to reduce the adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Waste management practices are not uniform across countries (developed and developing countries); Regions (urban and rural) and sectors (residential and industrial).
The waste hierarchy refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their suitability in terms of waste minimization. Waste hierarchy remains the cornerstone of most waste minimization strategies. The objective of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits of the products and generate the minimum amount of waste; See: resource recovery. The waste hierarchy is represented as a pyramid because the basic premise is that the policy takes measures in the first place and prevents the generation of waste. The next preferred step or action is to reduce the generation of waste, ie by reuse. The next is recycling, which would include composting. Following this step is the recovery of materials and the conversion of waste into energy. Energy can be recovered from processes, ie landfills and combustion, at this level of the hierarchy. The final action is the disposal, in landfills or by incineration without recovery of energy. This last step is the final resource for waste that has not been prevented, diverted or recovered. The waste hierarchy represents the progression of a product or material through the sequential stages of the waste management pyramid. The hierarchy represents the last parts of the life cycle of each product.
In most developed countries, the disposal of household waste is financed by a national or local tax that may be related to the income or nominal value of the home. Disposal of commercial and industrial wastes is often billed as a commercial service, often as an integrated charge that includes disposal costs. This practice can encourage disposal contractors to opt for the cheapest disposal option, such as landfill, instead of the best environmental solution, such as reuse and recycling. In some areas like Taipei, the city government charges their homes and industries for the amount of garbage they produce. The waste will only be collected by the municipality if the waste is deposited in garbage bags issued by the government. This policy has successfully reduced the amount of waste the city produces and increases the recycling rate.
An important method of waste management is the prevention of the waste material being created, also known as waste reduction. Avoidance methods include reusing second-hand products, repairing broken items instead of buying new ones, designing products to be reusable or reusable (such as cotton instead of plastic bags), encourage consumers To avoid the use of disposable products (such as disposable cutlery), to remove any food / liquid remains from cans and containers and to design products that use less material to achieve the same purpose (eg light weight beverage cans).