04-05-2017, 04:59 PM
In recent years, growing concern about the impact of the conventional car (ICE - Internal Combustion Engine) on the environment has led to renewed interest and advancement in the Electric Vehicle (EV). While advances in EV technology have been able to overcome many of its initial limitations, the need to improve overall vehicle efficiency has led to the design of the Regenerative Braking System (RBS). The RBS will be used to convert the mechanical energy of the car and also the heat that would have been lost during the braking in electrical energy. The RBS would be controlled by a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal generated from a microcontroller.
The duty cycle of the PWM signal would depend on the response to a variable resistance that will be used to model conventional braking. Greater resistance would generate a PWM signal with a higher duty cycle and, in turn, a higher braking current. Therefore, by varying the value of the resistance, the braking current can also be varied. The engine to be used in this system will be mainly a DC motor. We intend to switch to an induction motor later as it is currently the industry standard BEV (electric vehicle battery). In another term to maximize the efficiency of the RBS, it is important that you store some of the energy you can have if not wasted. To achieve this, we implemented the use of large capacitors connected in parallel to store energy. This energy could be used to recharge the electric vehicle (EV) batteries.
A regenerative braking system is an energy recovery system that reduces the speed of the vehicle by converting part of its kinetic and potential energy into a useful form of energy rather than dissipating it as heat, as in the case of a conventional braking system. The converted kinetic energy is stored for future use or returned to the power system of the vehicle. This energy can be stored in a battery or bank of capacitors for later use. Energy can also be stored with the help of a rotating flywheel which is one of the cheapest and most efficient methods of storing and regenerating energy. The present invention provides a regenerative energy storage braking system by transmitting the force of the flywheel as a torque which tends to oppose the forward rotation of a wheel upon application of the brakes.
A set of brake pads, concentrically mounted with the hub of a ground coupling wheel, is actuated upon braking to provide a frictional engagement between the hub and the clutch mechanism, while a deceleration torque is applied to the wheel. The clutch mechanism engages only when braking and does not interfere with wheel rotation during other modes of vehicle operation. The special braking mechanism is selectively held in place by a driver-controlled clutch mechanism to accumulate energy during various braking events. Vehicles powered by electric motors use the engine as a generator when using regenerative braking and its output is supplied at an electric load. The transfer of energy to the load provides the braking effect and regenerates the power.
The duty cycle of the PWM signal would depend on the response to a variable resistance that will be used to model conventional braking. Greater resistance would generate a PWM signal with a higher duty cycle and, in turn, a higher braking current. Therefore, by varying the value of the resistance, the braking current can also be varied. The engine to be used in this system will be mainly a DC motor. We intend to switch to an induction motor later as it is currently the industry standard BEV (electric vehicle battery). In another term to maximize the efficiency of the RBS, it is important that you store some of the energy you can have if not wasted. To achieve this, we implemented the use of large capacitors connected in parallel to store energy. This energy could be used to recharge the electric vehicle (EV) batteries.
A regenerative braking system is an energy recovery system that reduces the speed of the vehicle by converting part of its kinetic and potential energy into a useful form of energy rather than dissipating it as heat, as in the case of a conventional braking system. The converted kinetic energy is stored for future use or returned to the power system of the vehicle. This energy can be stored in a battery or bank of capacitors for later use. Energy can also be stored with the help of a rotating flywheel which is one of the cheapest and most efficient methods of storing and regenerating energy. The present invention provides a regenerative energy storage braking system by transmitting the force of the flywheel as a torque which tends to oppose the forward rotation of a wheel upon application of the brakes.
A set of brake pads, concentrically mounted with the hub of a ground coupling wheel, is actuated upon braking to provide a frictional engagement between the hub and the clutch mechanism, while a deceleration torque is applied to the wheel. The clutch mechanism engages only when braking and does not interfere with wheel rotation during other modes of vehicle operation. The special braking mechanism is selectively held in place by a driver-controlled clutch mechanism to accumulate energy during various braking events. Vehicles powered by electric motors use the engine as a generator when using regenerative braking and its output is supplied at an electric load. The transfer of energy to the load provides the braking effect and regenerates the power.