15-09-2017, 01:20 PM
According to the theory of relativity, time dilation is a difference in elapsed time measured by two observers, either because of a relative velocity difference between them, or because it lies differently from a gravitational field. As a result of the nature of space-time, a clock moving relative to an observer will be measured to mark slower than a clock that is at rest in the observer's own frame of reference. A clock that is under the influence of a gravitational field stronger than that of an observer will also be measured to mark slower than the observer's own clock.
Such a time dilation has been shown repeatedly, for example by small disparities in a pair of atomic clocks after one of them is sent on a space voyage or by clocks on the space shuttle operating slightly slower than the reference clocks in Earth or GPS clocks and Galileo satellites running slightly faster. The dilation of time has also been the subject of science fiction works, as it technically provides the means to travel in time.
Special relativity indicates that, for an observer in an inertial frame of reference, a clock that moves relative to it will be measured to mark slower than a clock that is at rest in its frame of reference. This case is sometimes called a special relativistic dilation of time. The faster the relative velocity, the greater the time dilation with each other, with the rate of time reaching zero when one approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m / s). This causes massless particles traveling at the speed of light to be unaffected by the passage of time.
In theory, the dilation of time would allow the passengers of a fast vehicle to move further into the future in a short period of their own time. For sufficiently high speeds, the effect is dramatic. For example, one year of travel could correspond to ten years on Earth. In fact, a constant acceleration of 1 g would allow humans to travel throughout the known Universe in a human life. Space travelers could then return to Earth billions of years into the future. A scenario based on this idea was presented in the novel Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle, and the Orion Project has been an attempt at this idea.
With current technology severely limiting the speed of space travel, however, the differences experienced in practice are minuscule: after 6 months on the International Space Station (ISS) (orbiting Earth at a speed of about 7,700 m / s) an astronaut would have an age of 0.005 seconds less than on Earth. The Hafele and Keating experiment involved flying planes around the world with atomic clocks on board. Upon completing travel, the clocks were compared to a static, earth-based atomic clock. It was found that 273 ± 7 nanoseconds had been gained in aircraft clocks. The current record holder of travel in human time is Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who surpassed the previous record of about 20 milliseconds by cosmonaut Sergei Avdeyev.
Such a time dilation has been shown repeatedly, for example by small disparities in a pair of atomic clocks after one of them is sent on a space voyage or by clocks on the space shuttle operating slightly slower than the reference clocks in Earth or GPS clocks and Galileo satellites running slightly faster. The dilation of time has also been the subject of science fiction works, as it technically provides the means to travel in time.
Special relativity indicates that, for an observer in an inertial frame of reference, a clock that moves relative to it will be measured to mark slower than a clock that is at rest in its frame of reference. This case is sometimes called a special relativistic dilation of time. The faster the relative velocity, the greater the time dilation with each other, with the rate of time reaching zero when one approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m / s). This causes massless particles traveling at the speed of light to be unaffected by the passage of time.
In theory, the dilation of time would allow the passengers of a fast vehicle to move further into the future in a short period of their own time. For sufficiently high speeds, the effect is dramatic. For example, one year of travel could correspond to ten years on Earth. In fact, a constant acceleration of 1 g would allow humans to travel throughout the known Universe in a human life. Space travelers could then return to Earth billions of years into the future. A scenario based on this idea was presented in the novel Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle, and the Orion Project has been an attempt at this idea.
With current technology severely limiting the speed of space travel, however, the differences experienced in practice are minuscule: after 6 months on the International Space Station (ISS) (orbiting Earth at a speed of about 7,700 m / s) an astronaut would have an age of 0.005 seconds less than on Earth. The Hafele and Keating experiment involved flying planes around the world with atomic clocks on board. Upon completing travel, the clocks were compared to a static, earth-based atomic clock. It was found that 273 ± 7 nanoseconds had been gained in aircraft clocks. The current record holder of travel in human time is Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, who surpassed the previous record of about 20 milliseconds by cosmonaut Sergei Avdeyev.