15-09-2017, 03:17 PM
Optical free space communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light to propagate in free space to transmit wireless data for telecommunications or computer networks. "Free space" means air, outer space, emptiness or something similar. This contrasts with the use of solids such as fiber optic cable.
Technology is useful when physical connections are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. Optical communications, in various forms, have been used for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks used a coded alphabetical signaling system with torches developed by Cleoxenus, Democleitus and Polybius. In the modern era, wireless solar traffic lights and telegraphs called heliographs were developed, using coded signals to communicate with their receivers.
In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter created the photophone, at the newly established Bell Turn Laboratory in Washington, DC. Bell considered it his most important invention. The device allowed the transmission of sound over a beam of light. On June 3, 1880, Bell conducted the world's first wireless telephone transmission between two buildings, some 213 meters (700 feet) away.
Its first practical use came in military communication systems many decades later, first for optical telegraphy. German colonial troops used telegraph transmitters of heliographers during the Herero and Namaqua genocide from 1904, in German South West Africa (now Namibia) as did the British, French, American or Ottoman signs.
During World War I trench warfare, when wire communications were frequently cut off, German signals used three types of Morse optical transmitters called the Blinkgerät, the intermediate type for distances up to 4 km in daylight and up to 8 km. 5 miles) at night, using red filters for undetected communications. Optical telephone communications were tested at the end of the war, but were not introduced at the level of troops. In addition, special blinkgeräts were used for communication with airplanes, balloons, and tanks, with different success.
A major technological step was to replace Morse code by modulating optical waves in speech transmission. Carl Zeiss, Jena developed the 80/80 Lichtsprechgerät that the German army used in its WWII air defense units, or in bunkers on the Atlantic Wall.
The invention of lasers in the 60s revolutionized the optics of free space. Military organizations were particularly interested and encouraged their development. However, the technology lost market momentum when the installation of fiber optic networks for civil uses was in full swing. Many simple and inexpensive consumer remote controls use low-speed communications using infrared (IR) light. This is known as consumer IR technologies.
Technology is useful when physical connections are impractical due to high costs or other considerations. Optical communications, in various forms, have been used for thousands of years. The ancient Greeks used a coded alphabetical signaling system with torches developed by Cleoxenus, Democleitus and Polybius. In the modern era, wireless solar traffic lights and telegraphs called heliographs were developed, using coded signals to communicate with their receivers.
In 1880, Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Charles Sumner Tainter created the photophone, at the newly established Bell Turn Laboratory in Washington, DC. Bell considered it his most important invention. The device allowed the transmission of sound over a beam of light. On June 3, 1880, Bell conducted the world's first wireless telephone transmission between two buildings, some 213 meters (700 feet) away.
Its first practical use came in military communication systems many decades later, first for optical telegraphy. German colonial troops used telegraph transmitters of heliographers during the Herero and Namaqua genocide from 1904, in German South West Africa (now Namibia) as did the British, French, American or Ottoman signs.
During World War I trench warfare, when wire communications were frequently cut off, German signals used three types of Morse optical transmitters called the Blinkgerät, the intermediate type for distances up to 4 km in daylight and up to 8 km. 5 miles) at night, using red filters for undetected communications. Optical telephone communications were tested at the end of the war, but were not introduced at the level of troops. In addition, special blinkgeräts were used for communication with airplanes, balloons, and tanks, with different success.
A major technological step was to replace Morse code by modulating optical waves in speech transmission. Carl Zeiss, Jena developed the 80/80 Lichtsprechgerät that the German army used in its WWII air defense units, or in bunkers on the Atlantic Wall.
The invention of lasers in the 60s revolutionized the optics of free space. Military organizations were particularly interested and encouraged their development. However, the technology lost market momentum when the installation of fiber optic networks for civil uses was in full swing. Many simple and inexpensive consumer remote controls use low-speed communications using infrared (IR) light. This is known as consumer IR technologies.