18-09-2017, 04:22 PM
Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from a body and placed in the body of a recipient to replace a damaged or missing organ. The donor and recipient may be in the same place, or organs may be transported from a donor site to another location. Organs and / or tissues that are transplanted into the body of the same person are called autografts. Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allografts. The allografts may be from a living or cadaveric source.
Organs that have been successfully transplanted include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine and thymus. Some organs, such as the brain, can not be transplanted. Tissues include bones, tendons (both known as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. All over the world, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Corneal and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these exceed in more than ten times organ transplants.
Organ donors may be alive, dead, or dead from circulatory death. The tissue can be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death as well as brain death - up to 24 hours after the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of corneas) can be stored and stored for up to five years, which means they can be "deposited." The transplant raises a number of bioethical issues, including the definition of death, when and how consent must be given to an organ being transplanted, and payment of organs for transplantation. Other ethical issues include transplant tourism and, more broadly, the socioeconomic context in which organ procurement or transplantation may occur. A particular problem is organ trafficking.
Transplant medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Some of the key areas for medical management are transplant rejection problems, during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ, possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient. When possible, transplant rejection can be reduced by serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient combination and by the use of immuno-suppressive drugs.
Organs that have been successfully transplanted include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine and thymus. Some organs, such as the brain, can not be transplanted. Tissues include bones, tendons (both known as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, heart valves, nerves and veins. All over the world, the kidneys are the most commonly transplanted organs, followed by the liver and then the heart. Corneal and musculoskeletal grafts are the most commonly transplanted tissues; these exceed in more than ten times organ transplants.
Organ donors may be alive, dead, or dead from circulatory death. The tissue can be recovered from donors who die of circulatory death as well as brain death - up to 24 hours after the cessation of heartbeat. Unlike organs, most tissues (with the exception of corneas) can be stored and stored for up to five years, which means they can be "deposited." The transplant raises a number of bioethical issues, including the definition of death, when and how consent must be given to an organ being transplanted, and payment of organs for transplantation. Other ethical issues include transplant tourism and, more broadly, the socioeconomic context in which organ procurement or transplantation may occur. A particular problem is organ trafficking.
Transplant medicine is one of the most challenging and complex areas of modern medicine. Some of the key areas for medical management are transplant rejection problems, during which the body has an immune response to the transplanted organ, possibly leading to transplant failure and the need to immediately remove the organ from the recipient. When possible, transplant rejection can be reduced by serotyping to determine the most appropriate donor-recipient combination and by the use of immuno-suppressive drugs.