19-09-2017, 10:15 AM
• 1G
1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology (mobile telecommunications). These are the analog telecom standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued to be replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between the two mobile cellular systems (1G and 2G) is that the radio signals used by 1G networks are analog, whereas 2G networks are digital.
Although both systems use digital signals to connect radio towers (listening to telephones) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to 2G digital signals, while 1G is only modulated at a higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and more. The inherent advantages of digital over analog technology meant that 2G networks eventually replaced them almost everywhere.
One such standard is Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), used in the Nordic countries, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include the Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMPS) used in North America and Australia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) in the United Kingdom, C-450 in West Germany, Portugal and South Africa, Radiocom 2000 in France, TMA in Spain and RTMI in Italy. In Japan there were multiple systems. Three standards, TZ-801, TZ-802 and TZ-803 were developed by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), while a competitor system operated by Daini Denden Planning, Inc. (DDI) JTACS). The background of the 1G technology is the mobile radio phone, or 0G.
• 2G
2G (or 2-G) is the abbreviation of second-generation cellular technology. Second generation 2G cellular networks were commercially launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland by the GSM standard in 1991. Three of the major benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that telephone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient in the spectrum allowing much higher levels of wireless penetration; and 2G introduced mobile data services, starting with SMS text messages. 2G technologies allow different networks to provide services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multimedia messages). All text messages sent over 2G are digitally encrypted, allowing the transfer of data in such a way that only the recipient recipient can receive and read it.
After launching 2G, previous mobile wireless networking systems were retroactively called 1G. While the radio signals in 1G networks are analog, the radio signals in 2G networks are digital. Both systems use digital signage to connect radio towers (listening to devices) to the rest of the mobile system. 2G has been replaced by new technologies like 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G and 4G; however, 2G networks are still used in most of the world.
• 3G
3G is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that meet the specifications of the International Telecommunication Union's International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). 3G finds applications in wireless mobile telephony, mobile Internet access, wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
3G telecommunications networks provide services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 2 Mbit / s. The latest 3G versions, often referred to as 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide multi-Mbit / s mobile broadband access to smartphones and mobile modems on laptops. This ensures that it can be applied to wireless telephony, mobile Internet access, wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared about every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non-backward compatible transmission technology. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998 and the fourth generation of 4G networks in 2008.
• 4G
4G is the fourth generation of cellular network technology, with 3G success. A 4G system must provide ITU-defined capabilities in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include modified mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing and 3D television.
In March 2008, the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for the 4G standards, called the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced Specification (IMT-Advanced), establishing the maximum speed requirements for the 4G service at 100 megabits per (Mbit / s) for high mobility communications (such as trains and cars) and 1 gigabits per second (Gbit / s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).
Since the early versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit / s peak bit rate, they are not fully compatible with IMT-Advanced, but are often branded 4G by service providers. According to operators, one generation of the network refers to the deployment of a new non-retro-compatible technology. On 6 December 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two technologies, as well as other technologies that do not meet the IMT-Advanced requirements, could be considered "4G", provided they represent IMT-Advanced precursors according to versions and " a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities over the initial third generation systems now deployed. "
• 5G
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are the next proposed telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G / IMT-Advanced standards. The 5G planning aims at higher capacity than the current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and support from device to device, ultra reliable and massive communications machine. 5G research and development also aims at lower 4G computer latency and lower battery consumption, for better Internet application of things.
Currently there is no standard for 5G implementations.
The Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance defines the following requirements that a 5G standard must meet:
• Data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
• Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
• 1 Gb per second simultaneously for many workers on the same floor of the office
• Several hundred thousand simultaneous connections for wireless sensors
• Spectral efficiency improved significantly compared to 4G
• Improved coverage
• Improved signaling efficiency
• Reduced latency significantly compared to LTE.
In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks will also have to satisfy new use cases, such as Internet of Things (Internet-connected devices), as well as lifelong communication and transmission services in times of natural disaster. Chip makers, OEMs and OSATs, such as Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) and Amkor Technology, Inc., have been preparing for this next-generation (5G) wireless standard, as mobile systems and base stations will require processors new and faster applications, baseband and RF devices.
Although updated standards defining capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are being considered, these new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for the 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016.
1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology (mobile telecommunications). These are the analog telecom standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued to be replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The main difference between the two mobile cellular systems (1G and 2G) is that the radio signals used by 1G networks are analog, whereas 2G networks are digital.
Although both systems use digital signals to connect radio towers (listening to telephones) to the rest of the telephone system, the voice itself during a call is encoded to 2G digital signals, while 1G is only modulated at a higher frequency, typically 150 MHz and more. The inherent advantages of digital over analog technology meant that 2G networks eventually replaced them almost everywhere.
One such standard is Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), used in the Nordic countries, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Eastern Europe and Russia. Others include the Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMPS) used in North America and Australia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) in the United Kingdom, C-450 in West Germany, Portugal and South Africa, Radiocom 2000 in France, TMA in Spain and RTMI in Italy. In Japan there were multiple systems. Three standards, TZ-801, TZ-802 and TZ-803 were developed by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), while a competitor system operated by Daini Denden Planning, Inc. (DDI) JTACS). The background of the 1G technology is the mobile radio phone, or 0G.
• 2G
2G (or 2-G) is the abbreviation of second-generation cellular technology. Second generation 2G cellular networks were commercially launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in Finland by the GSM standard in 1991. Three of the major benefits of 2G networks over their predecessors were that telephone conversations were digitally encrypted; 2G systems were significantly more efficient in the spectrum allowing much higher levels of wireless penetration; and 2G introduced mobile data services, starting with SMS text messages. 2G technologies allow different networks to provide services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multimedia messages). All text messages sent over 2G are digitally encrypted, allowing the transfer of data in such a way that only the recipient recipient can receive and read it.
After launching 2G, previous mobile wireless networking systems were retroactively called 1G. While the radio signals in 1G networks are analog, the radio signals in 2G networks are digital. Both systems use digital signage to connect radio towers (listening to devices) to the rest of the mobile system. 2G has been replaced by new technologies like 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G and 4G; however, 2G networks are still used in most of the world.
• 3G
3G is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile telecommunication services and networks that meet the specifications of the International Telecommunication Union's International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). 3G finds applications in wireless mobile telephony, mobile Internet access, wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV.
3G telecommunications networks provide services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 2 Mbit / s. The latest 3G versions, often referred to as 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide multi-Mbit / s mobile broadband access to smartphones and mobile modems on laptops. This ensures that it can be applied to wireless telephony, mobile Internet access, wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV technologies.
A new generation of cellular standards has appeared about every tenth year since 1G systems were introduced in 1981/1982. Each generation is characterized by new frequency bands, higher data rates and non-backward compatible transmission technology. The first 3G networks were introduced in 1998 and the fourth generation of 4G networks in 2008.
• 4G
4G is the fourth generation of cellular network technology, with 3G success. A 4G system must provide ITU-defined capabilities in IMT Advanced. Potential and current applications include modified mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing and 3D television.
In March 2008, the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for the 4G standards, called the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced Specification (IMT-Advanced), establishing the maximum speed requirements for the 4G service at 100 megabits per (Mbit / s) for high mobility communications (such as trains and cars) and 1 gigabits per second (Gbit / s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).
Since the early versions of Mobile WiMAX and LTE support much less than 1 Gbit / s peak bit rate, they are not fully compatible with IMT-Advanced, but are often branded 4G by service providers. According to operators, one generation of the network refers to the deployment of a new non-retro-compatible technology. On 6 December 2010, ITU-R recognized that these two technologies, as well as other technologies that do not meet the IMT-Advanced requirements, could be considered "4G", provided they represent IMT-Advanced precursors according to versions and " a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities over the initial third generation systems now deployed. "
• 5G
5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are the next proposed telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G / IMT-Advanced standards. The 5G planning aims at higher capacity than the current 4G, allowing a higher density of mobile broadband users, and support from device to device, ultra reliable and massive communications machine. 5G research and development also aims at lower 4G computer latency and lower battery consumption, for better Internet application of things.
Currently there is no standard for 5G implementations.
The Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance defines the following requirements that a 5G standard must meet:
• Data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
• Data rates of 100 megabits per second for metropolitan areas
• 1 Gb per second simultaneously for many workers on the same floor of the office
• Several hundred thousand simultaneous connections for wireless sensors
• Spectral efficiency improved significantly compared to 4G
• Improved coverage
• Improved signaling efficiency
• Reduced latency significantly compared to LTE.
In addition to providing simply faster speeds, they predict that 5G networks will also have to satisfy new use cases, such as Internet of Things (Internet-connected devices), as well as lifelong communication and transmission services in times of natural disaster. Chip makers, OEMs and OSATs, such as Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE) and Amkor Technology, Inc., have been preparing for this next-generation (5G) wireless standard, as mobile systems and base stations will require processors new and faster applications, baseband and RF devices.
Although updated standards defining capabilities beyond those defined in the current 4G standards are being considered, these new capabilities have been grouped under the current ITU-T 4G standards. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the spectrum for the 5G, including the 28 Gigahertz, 37 GHz and 39 GHz bands, on July 14, 2016.