19-09-2017, 04:39 PM
The dynamics of a microgranule consisting of an engine generator and sixteen fuel cells was clarified by the transfer function model using actual data from power generators. The micro-grid was composed of a 3 kW motor generator and 1 kW fuel cells, and the dynamic characteristics of the grid were analyzed using the February energy demand model of a cold region. Consequently, the settling time (Time required to converge at + -5% of the limit of an output target) of a micro-grid is 15 seconds from 10 seconds. The control parameter of a fuel cell system is significantly influenced by the settling time and the overshoot of a micro-grid. Since any excess and deficiency of electrical energy can be covered respectively if two or more fuel cells are connected to a grid, the instantaneous peak of charge of the electric power demand can be distributed. Compared to the number of fuel cells required for independent installation, the number of facilities can be reduced for a micro-grid system.
Fuel cells can provide an adequate solution as they are fuel efficient while emitting few hazardous compounds. Several choices can be made regarding the type of fuel cell system and fuel logistics, and it is not clear which ones have the best prospects for maritime application. An overview of fuel cell types and fuel processing equipment is presented, and the application of marine fuel cells with respect to efficiency, volumetric and gravimetric density, dynamic behavior, environmental impact, safety and economy is reviewed. It is demonstrated that low temperature fuel cells using liquid hydrogen provide a compact solution for ships with a replenishment interval of up to tens of hours, but can result in a total system size up to five times larger than high temperature fuel and more fuels for ships with longer mission needs. The expansion of liquefied natural gas infrastructure and the state of development of natural gas fueled fuel cell systems can facilitate the introduction of gaseous fuels and fuel cells into ships.
Fuel cells can provide an adequate solution as they are fuel efficient while emitting few hazardous compounds. Several choices can be made regarding the type of fuel cell system and fuel logistics, and it is not clear which ones have the best prospects for maritime application. An overview of fuel cell types and fuel processing equipment is presented, and the application of marine fuel cells with respect to efficiency, volumetric and gravimetric density, dynamic behavior, environmental impact, safety and economy is reviewed. It is demonstrated that low temperature fuel cells using liquid hydrogen provide a compact solution for ships with a replenishment interval of up to tens of hours, but can result in a total system size up to five times larger than high temperature fuel and more fuels for ships with longer mission needs. The expansion of liquefied natural gas infrastructure and the state of development of natural gas fueled fuel cell systems can facilitate the introduction of gaseous fuels and fuel cells into ships.