16-10-2010, 12:14 PM
smartdust.doc (Size: 2.52 MB / Downloads: 158)
This article is presented by:
PALADUGU NAGAIAH CHOWDARY AND VIJAI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
SMART DUST
Abstract:
Smart dust is an emerging technology made up from tiny, wireless sensors or motes. These large scale networks of wireless sensors are becoming increasingly tractable. Advances in hardware technology and engineering design have led to dramatic reductions in size, power consumption and cost for digital circuitry, wireless communications and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). This has enabled very compact, autonomous and mobile nodes, each containing one or more sensors, computation and communication capabilities, and a power supply. This paper gives a profound description about the technology and also the working of a mote, which are very tiny wireless sensors and also about the history. It also gives a detailed description about types of transmission between sensors and the antennas. The optical mode of transmission is most effective one. It also states the various challenges faced for the development of mobile networking protocols for Smart Dust. The missing ingredient is the networking and applications layers needed to harness this revolutionary capability into a complete system. Thus we review the key elements of the emergent technology of "Smart Dust" and outline the research challenges they present to the mobile networking and systems community, which must provide coherent connectivity to large numbers of mobile network nodes co-located within a small volume.
Introduction:
As the research community searches for the processing platform beyond the personal computer, networks of wireless sensors have become quite interesting. Many researchers have shown that it is possible to integrate sensing, communication, and power supply into an inch scale using only off the scale technology. These have been enabled by a rapid convergence of three key technologies namely digital circuitry, wireless communications, and micro Electromechanical Systems.
Smart dust is an emerging technology made up from tiny, wireless sensors or motes. Eventually these devices will be smart enough to talk with other sensors yet small enough to fit on the head of the pin. Each mote is a very tiny computer with a power supply, one or more sensors and the communication system. Smart dust motes are typically outfitted with environmental sensors which can monitor things like temperature, humidity, lighting, position and acceleration.
Smart dust has theoretical applications in virtually every field of science and industry. Research in the technologies is well-funded and sturdily based, and it is generally accepted that it is simply a matter of time before smart dust exists in a functional manner. Opponents question the risks to personal privacy, but proponents hold that the downsides are strongly outweighed by the positive benefits.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been funding smart dust research heavily since the late 1990s, seeing virtually limitless applications in the sphere of modern warfare. So far the research has been promising; with prototype smart dust sensors as small as 5mm. Costs have been promising; with prototype smart dust sensors as small as 5mm. Costs have been dropping rapidly with technological innovations, bringing individual motes down to a very low rate.