23-12-2010, 03:35 PM
Presented by:
Haripada dey
Electrical engg.
Final year
Haripada dey
Electrical engg.
Final year
DNA COMPUTING101.ppt (Size: 600 KB / Downloads: 349)
INTRODUCTION
Contemporary technology used for computing :- Silicon Based Semiconductor Technology
Upper Limits in Terms of Speed and Size
Alternative Technology : DNA Computing or Molecular Computing.
DNA Computing :- Still an Emerging Field
BEYOND SILICON
Moore’s Law : The Speed of Computing Chip will Double Roughly Every 18 months
Silicon Based Semiconductor Technology can’t Sustain Moore’s Predictions.
Physical Limits Posed By Silicon Based Technology
An Issue of Muller :- The Narrowest Feature of Semiconductor Device- The Gate-Oxide will Reach its Fundamental Physical Limits.
What is DNA Computing ?
DNA and RNA computing (also sometimes referred to as bio-molecular computing or molecular computing) is a new computational paradigm that harnesses biological molecules to solve computational problems.
What is DNA?
DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
It is a Double-Stranded Helix of Nucleotides that Carries the genetic information of a cell.
These Nucleotides consists of one of the 4 bases-Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine©.
A pairs with T, G pairs with C.
Origins of DNA Computing
Dr. Leonard Adleman : the Father of DNA Computing.
By using strands of DNA annealing to each other, he was able to compute a solution to an instance of the Hamiltonian path problem (HPP).
This is Also Known as The Travelling Salesman Problem(TSP).
Conditions
The Path Must Start at City A and End at City E
Of Those Paths, The Correct Paths Must Pass Through All 5 Cities at Least Once.
The Final Path(s) must Contain Each City in Turn.
Advantages Of DNA Computers:-
Unmatchable Speed
Due To Inherent Parallelism 100 Times Faster Than Fastest Super Computer.
Minimal Storage Requirement:-
DNA stores Memory at a Density of About One Bit Per Cubic Nanometer.
Advantages:-
Minimal Power Requirement : Because of The Chemical Bonds.
Clean, Cheap and Available.
Suitable for Combinatorial Problems .
Disadvantages of DNA Computer
Occasionally Slow
Hydrolysis : The DNA Molecules Can Fracture
COMPARISON OF DNA AND CONVENTIONAL ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS
Similarities
Transformation of Data :- Both Use Boolean Logic.
Manipulation of Data :- Both Store Information in Strings.
Computation Ability
Differences
Size
Representation of Data : Base 4 For DNA Computers
Parallelism : DNA Computers inherently Parallel.
Material