22-01-2011, 04:58 PM
General seminar ppts.ppt (Size: 1.38 MB / Downloads: 106)
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
A.SREE LAKSHMI
Abstract
“Biochips”-The most exciting future technology is an outcome of the fields of Computer science,Electronics & Biology.
Its a new type of bio -security device to accurately track information regarding what a person is doing, and who is to accurately track information regarding what he is doing, and who is actually doing it. It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of remembering PINs, Passwords, & Social security numbers.
No more matters of carrying medical records to a hospital, No more cash/credit card carrying to the market place; everything goes embedded in the chip. Every thing goes digitalized. No more hawker tricks on the internet….! Biochip has a variety technique for secured E-money transactions on the net.
The power of biochips exists in capability of locating lost children, downed soldiers, and wandering Alzheimer patients.
Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using lowfrequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader.
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which "activates" the implanted biochip. This "activation" enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals.
The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display. The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal.
Introduction
Biochips are any microprocessor chips that can be used in Biology.
The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries, it’s use now includes, over 300 zoos, over 80 government agencies in at least 20 countries, pets (everything from lizards to dogs), monitoring lab animals, fisheries, endangered wildlife, automobiles, and humans.
Biochips are "silently" inching into humans. For instance, at least 6 million medical devices, such as artificial body parts (prosthetic devices), breast implants, chin implants, etc., are implanted in people each year. And most of these medical devices are carrying a "surprise" guest a biochip.
The Bio-Chip Technology
Bio-chip implant system is actually a fairly simple device.
Today’s, biochip implant is basically a small (micro) computer chip, inserted under the skin, for identification purposes. The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID) system, using lowfrequency radio signals to communicate between the biochip and reader.
Biochips, made by the same processes as microchips in electronic devices, they are the basic elements of a new technology designed to carry out diagnostic testing normally done on a large scale in labs.
Lab-on-a-chip technology, as it's been called, promises greater efficiency in medical testing - producing information about a patient's cellular health and genetics quickly and inexpensively, speeding up patient diagnosis and treatment.
The Bio-Chip Technology Consists Of Two Components:
1 The Transponder
2 The Reader
The Transponder:
The transponder is the actual biochip implant. It is a passive transponder, meaning it contains no battery or energy of its own.
Passive transponder would provide its own energy source, normally a small battery. Because the passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to wear out, it has a very long life, up to 99 years, and no maintenance.
Being passive, it's inactive until the reader activates it by sending it a lowpower electrical charge. The reader "reads" or "scans" the implanted biochip and receives back data (in this case an identification number) from the biochip.
The communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves.
The bio-chip transponder consists of four parts:
1. Computer Microchip
2. Antenna Coil
3. Tuning Capacitor
4. Glass Capsule
Working Of A Bio-Chip
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in this case via radio signals, which "activates" the implanted bio-chip.
This "activation" enables the biochip to send the ID code back to the reader via radio signals.
The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's LCD display.
The reader must normally be between 2 and 12 inches near the biochip to communicate. The reader and biochip can communicate through most materials, except metal.
The Bio-Chip Application
1. With a biochip tracing of a person ,animal , anywhere in the world is possible:
Once the reader is connected to the internet, satellite and a centralized database is maintained about the biochipped creatures, It is always possible to trace out the personality intended.
2. A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person:
An implanted biochip can be scanned to pay for groceries, obtain medical procedures, and conduct financial transactions. Currently, in use, implanted biochips only store one 10 to 15 digits. If biochips are designed to accommodate with more ROM & RAM there is definitely an opportunity.
Medicinal implementations of Biochips :
Biochip as Glucose Detector :
The Biochip can be integrated with a glucose detector. The chip will allow diabetics to easily monitor the level of the sugar glucose in their blood. The biochip will sit underneath the skin, sense the glucose level, and send the result back out by radio - frequency communication.
Biochip as Oxygen sensor :
The biochip can also be integrated with an oxygen sensor .The oxygen sensor will be useful not only to monitor breathing in intensive care units, but also to check that packages of food, or containers of semiconductors stored under nitrogen gas, remain airtight.
Biochip as an Blood Pressure sensor:
In normal situations, The Blood Pressure of a healthy Human being is 120/80 mm of Hg. A Pressure ratio lower than this is said to be “Low BP “ condition & A Pressure ratio more than this is “High BP” condition. Serious Effects will be reflected in humans during Low & High BP conditions; it may sometimes cause the death of a Person. Blood Pressure is checked with BP Apparatus in Hospitals and this is done only when the patient is abnormal.
However, a continuous monitoring of BP is required in the aged people & Patients. It’s always possible to embed this type of sensors into a biochip. An integration of Pressure (Blood Flow) detecting circuits with the Biochip can make the chip to continuously monitor the blood flow rate & when the pressure is in its low or high extremes it can be immediately informed through the reader hence to take up remedial measures.
Typical Problem Of Bio-Chips
The Lock: Problem before the world:
A chip implant would contain a person’s financial world, medical history, health care — it would contain his electronic life". If cash no longer existed and if the world’s economy was totally chip oriented; — there would be a huge "blackmarket" for chips! Since there is no cash and no other bartering system, criminals would cut off hands and heads, stealing "rich-folks" chips." It is very dangerous because once kidnappers get to know about these chips, they will skin people to find them," (New York Times, June 20, 1999) . The Biochip must retain data only if it is placed in a fluid medium like blood & not in any other medium. This technique is unsuitable for identification of dead bodies (murdered by the kidnappers) as it loses the data about the social security number.
The data in the Biochip must be erased if it is exposed to sunlight/air.This technique is unsuitable as transplantation of biochip from genuine to the fraud in darkness (by means of infrared light) or in the vacuum (by means of oxygen cylinders).
Solution:
Our key: The solution Proposed Is
A generic & existing model of Biochips consists of only ROM component in it and is capable of accommodating the data such as social security number, Passport number, bankcard number etc., which are normally permanent in nature. The induction of RAM component in addition to ROM & storing the Bankcard, Financial details which causes the problem is a mere solution. As RAM needs to be continuously charged inorder to retain the data, Current can be supplied to the chip either from the electrical energy produced in the cells or by converting the heat energy in our body to electrical energy.
Once if the chip is taken out from the human body RAM immediately loses the Power supply from the human body; thus information in the RAM is lost and therefore is useless for the kidnappers.
Conclusion
The Cyber Future
Infotech will be implanted in our bodies
A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power.
The really fascinating idea is under fast track research "but we're close.” The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is not too far from now. "This is science fiction stuff." ”This is a true example to prove science really starts with fiction”.