21-02-2011, 09:36 AM
hybrid financing.ppt (Size: 393.5 KB / Downloads: 76)
Hybrid Financing
Preferred Stock, Leasing, Warrants, and Convertibles
Preferred stock
Leasing
Warrants
Convertibles
Leasing
Often referred to as “off balance sheet” financing if a lease is not “capitalized.”
Leasing is a substitute for debt financing and, thus, uses up a firm’s debt capacity.
Capital leases are different from operating leases:
Capital leases do not provide for maintenance service.
Capital leases are not cancelable.
Capital leases are fully amortized.
Analysis: Lease vs. Borrow-and-buy Data:
New computer costs $1,200,000.
3-year MACRS class life; 4-year economic life.
Tax rate = 40%.
kd = 10%.
Maintenance of $25,000/year, payable at beginning of each year.
Residual value in Year 4 of $125,000.
4-year lease includes maintenance.
Lease payment is $340,000/year, payable at beginning of each year.
Depreciation schedule
In a lease analysis, at what discount rate should cash flows be discounted?
Since cash flows in a lease analysis are evaluated on an after-tax basis, we should use the after-tax cost of borrowing.
Previously, we were told the cost of debt, kd, was 10%. Therefore, we should discount cash flows at 6%.
A-T kd = 10%(1 – T) = 10%(1 – 0.4) = 6%.
Cost of Owning Analysis
Notes on Cost of Owning Analysis
1. Depreciation is a tax deductible expense, so it produces a tax savings of T(Depreciation). Year 1 = 0.4($396) = $158.4.
2. Each maintenance payment of $25 is deductible so the after-tax cost of the lease is (1 – T)($25) = $15.
3. The ending book value is $0 so the full $125 salvage (residual) value is taxed, (1 - T)($125) = $75.0.
Cost of Leasing Analysis
Each lease payment of $340 is deductible, so the after-tax cost of the lease is
(1-T)($340) = -$204.
PV cost of leasing (@6%) = -$749.294.
Net advantage of leasing
NAL = PV cost of owning – PV cost of leasing
NAL = $766.948 - $749.294
= $17.654
Since the cost of owning outweighs the cost of leasing, the firm should lease.