05-04-2011, 12:06 PM
PRESENTED BY:-
REENA SWAMI
landmine_detection_[1].ppt (Size: 4.98 MB / Downloads: 112)
Solving the Problem:
Good News and Bad News
• ANTI-PERSONNEL – DESIGNED TO KILL OR MAIM DISMOUNTED TROOPS
• ANTI-TANK - DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR DISABLE TRACK OR WHEELED VEHICLES
• CHEMICAL - DESIGNED TO DISPENSE SMOKE, CS OR MORE DANGEROUS BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
. . . But Mine Detection Technology
Has Not Improved
Metal Detectors
Do Not Find All Mines
Electromagnetic Methods
Mine Response to Ground-Penetrating Radar
X-RAY BACKSCATTER
When X-rays pass through matter they will be attenuated, i.e. absorbed or scattered. The probability of scattering in the back direction. This probability depends inversely on the absorption power of the material to the incident and to the backscattered x rays. Organic materials typically absorb only a small fraction of the x rays, so that the scatter probability is high. Metals typically are strongly absorbing, and the scatter probability is low. Thus, organic materials are bright and metallic objects are dark in the image
capabilities and advantages :
1 . The information depth is sufficient to detect all regularly placed mines.
2. XBT is able to detect metal-free landmines.
3 . landmines buried in a variety of soil conditions including various types of vegetation will be detected with XBT.
1. Acoustic-to-seismic wave-coupling approach to detect buried land mines. Acoustic sound waves penetrate the soil surface to generate seismic waves within the soil.
These seismic waves cause the mine to vibrate and resonate, producing a displacement velocity field at the ground surface above the mine. This displacement can be measured by a laser vibrometer or UHF radar
Well-Trained Dogs Are Most Sensitive Vapor Sensors
Bulk Explosives Detection Methods
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR)
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), a derivative of NMR, is a bulk inspection technology which can be used to detect certain chemical elements which have a magnetic dipole moment. Amongst these is nitrogen-14 (14N) which is a major constituent of explosives used in landmines, such as RDX and TNT. NQR has been described as "an electromagnetic resonance screening technique with the specificity of chemical spectroscopy" as it not only detects but can be used to identify the exact chemical compound used.
Detection process
NQR Prototype
There’s No Silver Bullet:
All Detectors Have False Alarms
RAND Study Conclusion:
Multi-Sensor System Is Needed
• Each innovative technology has false alarms and false negatives
• Combining sensors would decrease false alarms and false negatives
• Combined sensor system could employ recent advances in signal processing capability
REENA SWAMI
landmine_detection_[1].ppt (Size: 4.98 MB / Downloads: 112)
Solving the Problem:
Good News and Bad News
• ANTI-PERSONNEL – DESIGNED TO KILL OR MAIM DISMOUNTED TROOPS
• ANTI-TANK - DESIGNED TO DESTROY OR DISABLE TRACK OR WHEELED VEHICLES
• CHEMICAL - DESIGNED TO DISPENSE SMOKE, CS OR MORE DANGEROUS BIOLOGICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
. . . But Mine Detection Technology
Has Not Improved
Metal Detectors
Do Not Find All Mines
Electromagnetic Methods
Mine Response to Ground-Penetrating Radar
X-RAY BACKSCATTER
When X-rays pass through matter they will be attenuated, i.e. absorbed or scattered. The probability of scattering in the back direction. This probability depends inversely on the absorption power of the material to the incident and to the backscattered x rays. Organic materials typically absorb only a small fraction of the x rays, so that the scatter probability is high. Metals typically are strongly absorbing, and the scatter probability is low. Thus, organic materials are bright and metallic objects are dark in the image
capabilities and advantages :
1 . The information depth is sufficient to detect all regularly placed mines.
2. XBT is able to detect metal-free landmines.
3 . landmines buried in a variety of soil conditions including various types of vegetation will be detected with XBT.
1. Acoustic-to-seismic wave-coupling approach to detect buried land mines. Acoustic sound waves penetrate the soil surface to generate seismic waves within the soil.
These seismic waves cause the mine to vibrate and resonate, producing a displacement velocity field at the ground surface above the mine. This displacement can be measured by a laser vibrometer or UHF radar
Well-Trained Dogs Are Most Sensitive Vapor Sensors
Bulk Explosives Detection Methods
Nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR)
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), a derivative of NMR, is a bulk inspection technology which can be used to detect certain chemical elements which have a magnetic dipole moment. Amongst these is nitrogen-14 (14N) which is a major constituent of explosives used in landmines, such as RDX and TNT. NQR has been described as "an electromagnetic resonance screening technique with the specificity of chemical spectroscopy" as it not only detects but can be used to identify the exact chemical compound used.
Detection process
NQR Prototype
There’s No Silver Bullet:
All Detectors Have False Alarms
RAND Study Conclusion:
Multi-Sensor System Is Needed
• Each innovative technology has false alarms and false negatives
• Combining sensors would decrease false alarms and false negatives
• Combined sensor system could employ recent advances in signal processing capability