19-04-2011, 12:43 PM
PRESENTED BY:
SHEBIN. P. S
MY_SEMINAR_SLIDES.ppt (Size: 393.5 KB / Downloads: 250)
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
I. INTRODUCTION
Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provide propulsive power is a hybrid.
Picture: Toyota Prius Hybrid
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system
A HEV having a smaller engine produces less emissions than a comparably-sized gasoline car
So HEV causes less air pollution
An HEV uses less gasoline because the electric motor also delivers power to assist the engine
So fuel consumption is decreased
2. WORKING OF HEV
PARALLEL HYBRID CARS
A gasoline engine and an electric motor simultaneously transmit power to drive the wheels
Also capable of regenerative braking and the IC engine can also act a generator for supplemental recharging.
SERIES HYBRID CARS
In series hybrids, only the electric motor drives the drive train, and the ICE works as a generator to power the electric motor or to recharge the batteries
Series hybrids usually have a smaller combustion engine but a larger battery pack as compared to parallel hybrids
USAGE OF ENGINE AND MOTOR
• A hybrid car runs on straight electric motor up to 0- 15m ph (25-kph) thus free from pollution.
• Be yond that transmission shuts off the motor & turns on the motor. So 15-60 mph car runs on gasoline power .
• If the speed is further increased the motor is also turned on.
• In idle state, i.e. stop & go traffic, transmission automatically shuts off the engine, saving fuel.
Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs)
It is a hybrid electric vehicle with rechargeable batteries that can be restored to full charge by connecting a plug to an external electric power source
In picture : The Chevrolet Volt Plug-in hybrid
Hybrids can be divided into two categories:
• Mild hybrids and
• Full hybrids
MILD HYBRIDS
Vehicle can not be driven solely on its electric motor, because the electric motor does not have enough power to propel the vehicle on its own
Electric motor provides assist whenever extra power is needed
FULL HYBRIDS
vehicle that run on just the engine, just the batteries, or a combination of both
When higher power needed, both the gas engine and the electric motor can work together to provide the needed power
POWER SPLIT DEVICE
• The power split devise is the heart of the Toyota Prius, which is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle.
• This is a clever gearbox that hooks the gasoline engine, generator and electric motor together.
• It allows the car to operate like a parallel and series hybrid
• The power split device is a planetary gear set.
• The electric motor is connected to the ring gear of the gear set.
• It is also directly connected to the differential, which drives the wheels.
• So, whatever speed the electric motor and ring gear spin at determines the speed of the car.
• The generator is connected to the sun gear of the gear set, and the engine is connected to the planet carrier.
• The speed of the ring gear depends on all three components, so they all have to work together at all times to control the output speed.
3.ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
Generally the battery provides power for the electric motor and is recharged by recapturing energy from gas engine that would normally be lost when decelerating.
This recapturing of energy is called regenerative braking
Many HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the ICE at idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a start-stop system
Toyota Volta Hybrid Sports Car, 408 Horsepower, 30 Miles per gallon
4.ADVANTAGES
Hybrid vehicles use less gasoline than conventional vehicles
Air pollution is less as the emission is lesser due to a smaller engine in hybrid vehicles
The additional boost in power from the electric motor in certain driving conditions also guarantees maximum performance.
DISADVANTAGES
More car batteries will have to be made, posing a larger problem for disposal of such batteries.
The higher price range of HEVs
Safety concerns as the manufacturers reduce the weight of the vehicle to decrease fuel consumption
5.CONCLUSION
☺ Hybrid cars are definitely more environmental friendly than internal-combustion vehicles.
☺ Batteries are being engineered to have a long life. When the hybrid cars become more widespread, battery recycling will become economically possible.
☺ Research for energy sources such as fuel cells and renewable fuels make the future look brighter for hybrid cars.
SHEBIN. P. S
MY_SEMINAR_SLIDES.ppt (Size: 393.5 KB / Downloads: 250)
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
I. INTRODUCTION
Any vehicle that combines two or more sources of power that can directly or indirectly provide propulsive power is a hybrid.
Picture: Toyota Prius Hybrid
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system
A HEV having a smaller engine produces less emissions than a comparably-sized gasoline car
So HEV causes less air pollution
An HEV uses less gasoline because the electric motor also delivers power to assist the engine
So fuel consumption is decreased
2. WORKING OF HEV
PARALLEL HYBRID CARS
A gasoline engine and an electric motor simultaneously transmit power to drive the wheels
Also capable of regenerative braking and the IC engine can also act a generator for supplemental recharging.
SERIES HYBRID CARS
In series hybrids, only the electric motor drives the drive train, and the ICE works as a generator to power the electric motor or to recharge the batteries
Series hybrids usually have a smaller combustion engine but a larger battery pack as compared to parallel hybrids
USAGE OF ENGINE AND MOTOR
• A hybrid car runs on straight electric motor up to 0- 15m ph (25-kph) thus free from pollution.
• Be yond that transmission shuts off the motor & turns on the motor. So 15-60 mph car runs on gasoline power .
• If the speed is further increased the motor is also turned on.
• In idle state, i.e. stop & go traffic, transmission automatically shuts off the engine, saving fuel.
Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs)
It is a hybrid electric vehicle with rechargeable batteries that can be restored to full charge by connecting a plug to an external electric power source
In picture : The Chevrolet Volt Plug-in hybrid
Hybrids can be divided into two categories:
• Mild hybrids and
• Full hybrids
MILD HYBRIDS
Vehicle can not be driven solely on its electric motor, because the electric motor does not have enough power to propel the vehicle on its own
Electric motor provides assist whenever extra power is needed
FULL HYBRIDS
vehicle that run on just the engine, just the batteries, or a combination of both
When higher power needed, both the gas engine and the electric motor can work together to provide the needed power
POWER SPLIT DEVICE
• The power split devise is the heart of the Toyota Prius, which is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle.
• This is a clever gearbox that hooks the gasoline engine, generator and electric motor together.
• It allows the car to operate like a parallel and series hybrid
• The power split device is a planetary gear set.
• The electric motor is connected to the ring gear of the gear set.
• It is also directly connected to the differential, which drives the wheels.
• So, whatever speed the electric motor and ring gear spin at determines the speed of the car.
• The generator is connected to the sun gear of the gear set, and the engine is connected to the planet carrier.
• The speed of the ring gear depends on all three components, so they all have to work together at all times to control the output speed.
3.ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
Generally the battery provides power for the electric motor and is recharged by recapturing energy from gas engine that would normally be lost when decelerating.
This recapturing of energy is called regenerative braking
Many HEVs reduce idle emissions by shutting down the ICE at idle and restarting it when needed; this is known as a start-stop system
Toyota Volta Hybrid Sports Car, 408 Horsepower, 30 Miles per gallon
4.ADVANTAGES
Hybrid vehicles use less gasoline than conventional vehicles
Air pollution is less as the emission is lesser due to a smaller engine in hybrid vehicles
The additional boost in power from the electric motor in certain driving conditions also guarantees maximum performance.
DISADVANTAGES
More car batteries will have to be made, posing a larger problem for disposal of such batteries.
The higher price range of HEVs
Safety concerns as the manufacturers reduce the weight of the vehicle to decrease fuel consumption
5.CONCLUSION
☺ Hybrid cars are definitely more environmental friendly than internal-combustion vehicles.
☺ Batteries are being engineered to have a long life. When the hybrid cars become more widespread, battery recycling will become economically possible.
☺ Research for energy sources such as fuel cells and renewable fuels make the future look brighter for hybrid cars.