09-05-2012, 10:55 AM
Basic structure of computer
Basic-structure-of-computer.pdf (Size: 46.73 KB / Downloads: 34)
1. Input: - computer accepts coded information through input devices the most well known input device is keyboard, which is electronically, connected to C.P.U. many other kinds of input devices is joysticks, track ball and mouse.
2. Memory: - The function of the memory is to store data and program (details of memory is explained in other chapter)
3. Output: -The output is the counter part of input device. Its function is to send processed data to the outside world. Such output devices are monitor, printer, plotters etc…
4. Control units: -Its function is to control the functions of input and output devices. The C.U is effectively the nerve center that sends control signals to other units and senses their states. Data transfer between the processor and memory is controlled by the C.U through timing signals. A large set of wires carries the signals to all units.
5. Arithmetic and logic unit (A.L.U): -Most computer operations are executed in the A.L.U of the processor. Any other operations are initiated by bringing the required operands into the A.L.U where the necessary operations are performed.
Basic operational concepts: - Execution of the program starts when the program counter (P.C) is set to point to the first instruction of the program the content of the P.C is transferred to the MAR and the control signal is sent to the memory. After the time required to access the memory and the data is read out of the memory and
loaded into the MDR. The content of the MDR is transferred to the instruction register (IR). At this point the instruction is ready to be decoded after one or more operands are fetched in this way, the ALU can perform the desired operations if the result of this operation is to be stored in the memory then the result is sent to MDR the address of the location where the result is to be stored is to MAR and the write cycle is initiated. Thus the execution of the current instruction is completed.
Basic-structure-of-computer.pdf (Size: 46.73 KB / Downloads: 34)
1. Input: - computer accepts coded information through input devices the most well known input device is keyboard, which is electronically, connected to C.P.U. many other kinds of input devices is joysticks, track ball and mouse.
2. Memory: - The function of the memory is to store data and program (details of memory is explained in other chapter)
3. Output: -The output is the counter part of input device. Its function is to send processed data to the outside world. Such output devices are monitor, printer, plotters etc…
4. Control units: -Its function is to control the functions of input and output devices. The C.U is effectively the nerve center that sends control signals to other units and senses their states. Data transfer between the processor and memory is controlled by the C.U through timing signals. A large set of wires carries the signals to all units.
5. Arithmetic and logic unit (A.L.U): -Most computer operations are executed in the A.L.U of the processor. Any other operations are initiated by bringing the required operands into the A.L.U where the necessary operations are performed.
Basic operational concepts: - Execution of the program starts when the program counter (P.C) is set to point to the first instruction of the program the content of the P.C is transferred to the MAR and the control signal is sent to the memory. After the time required to access the memory and the data is read out of the memory and
loaded into the MDR. The content of the MDR is transferred to the instruction register (IR). At this point the instruction is ready to be decoded after one or more operands are fetched in this way, the ALU can perform the desired operations if the result of this operation is to be stored in the memory then the result is sent to MDR the address of the location where the result is to be stored is to MAR and the write cycle is initiated. Thus the execution of the current instruction is completed.