06-07-2012, 02:18 PM
Water Level Indicator
water level indicator.docx (Size: 884.55 KB / Downloads: 145)
APPLICATION
Water level indicators basically show the level of water tank. After fitting this project, we observe the level of water in tank. Main part of this project is six core wire and electronics circuit. Six core wire fitted in the water tank on the plastic tube. As well as water increases in tank wires are connected with the voltage with water. Here water acts as a conductor. Voltage from sensor wires is connected to the electronics circuit. As well as electronics circuit receives the signal from wire, circuit switch on the L.E.D’S in steps.
CIRCUIT WORKING
Here we use I.C. 4049 as a inverter I.C. 4049 sense the input voltage and
converts its output into L.E.D. IC 4049 is a CMOS IC. its contains 16 pins. All
CMOS IC works on +/-5 volt to +/- 15 volt dc without any problem. Current
consumption of IC 4049 is very low approx. 100 MA. We use five
resistances in input and five in output with LED. IC 4049 is a digital IC. This IC contains six inverter. If input is negative then output is positive as per
specification of inverter gate. In this circuit when we give a negative input then output is positive. At positive output LED’s are not glowing because cathode point is connected to the output. To glow a LED, it require a negative output. Negative output is possible only when we give a positive input
In this circuit we give a positive input through water sensor probe.
In water tank we connect all six wires in steps on the plastic probe. Out of these six five wires for inverter circuit and one wire for +ve reference voltage. Positive reference voltage is connected to the bottom of plastic probe. In empty tank, when there is no water, all wire are disconnected with reference voltage. When water fill up in the tank then sensor wires are connected with reference voltage with water. Here water act a conducting layer between reference voltage and sensor wires. Positive voltage from wires are connected to the input of I.C, and I.C converts these positive inputs into negative. When these negative outputs are connected to L.E.D. then L.E.D’s are on step by step.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
One electrode probe is with 6V AC is placed at the bottom of tank. Next probes are placed step by step above the bottom probe. When the water/liquid comes in contact with the electrode tip, a conductive path is established between the sense electrode and the tank wall/reference electrode, which in turn makes the transistors conduct to glow LED and indicate the level of water. The ends of probes are connected to corresponding points in the circuit as shown in circuit diagram. Insulated Aluminum wires with end insulation removed will do for the probe. Arrange the probes in order on a PVC pipe according to the depth and
immerse it in the tank. AC voltage is use to prevent electrolysis at the probes.
TRANSISTOR( BC148)
A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor
material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A
voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and its presence is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.
water level indicator.docx (Size: 884.55 KB / Downloads: 145)
APPLICATION
Water level indicators basically show the level of water tank. After fitting this project, we observe the level of water in tank. Main part of this project is six core wire and electronics circuit. Six core wire fitted in the water tank on the plastic tube. As well as water increases in tank wires are connected with the voltage with water. Here water acts as a conductor. Voltage from sensor wires is connected to the electronics circuit. As well as electronics circuit receives the signal from wire, circuit switch on the L.E.D’S in steps.
CIRCUIT WORKING
Here we use I.C. 4049 as a inverter I.C. 4049 sense the input voltage and
converts its output into L.E.D. IC 4049 is a CMOS IC. its contains 16 pins. All
CMOS IC works on +/-5 volt to +/- 15 volt dc without any problem. Current
consumption of IC 4049 is very low approx. 100 MA. We use five
resistances in input and five in output with LED. IC 4049 is a digital IC. This IC contains six inverter. If input is negative then output is positive as per
specification of inverter gate. In this circuit when we give a negative input then output is positive. At positive output LED’s are not glowing because cathode point is connected to the output. To glow a LED, it require a negative output. Negative output is possible only when we give a positive input
In this circuit we give a positive input through water sensor probe.
In water tank we connect all six wires in steps on the plastic probe. Out of these six five wires for inverter circuit and one wire for +ve reference voltage. Positive reference voltage is connected to the bottom of plastic probe. In empty tank, when there is no water, all wire are disconnected with reference voltage. When water fill up in the tank then sensor wires are connected with reference voltage with water. Here water act a conducting layer between reference voltage and sensor wires. Positive voltage from wires are connected to the input of I.C, and I.C converts these positive inputs into negative. When these negative outputs are connected to L.E.D. then L.E.D’s are on step by step.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
One electrode probe is with 6V AC is placed at the bottom of tank. Next probes are placed step by step above the bottom probe. When the water/liquid comes in contact with the electrode tip, a conductive path is established between the sense electrode and the tank wall/reference electrode, which in turn makes the transistors conduct to glow LED and indicate the level of water. The ends of probes are connected to corresponding points in the circuit as shown in circuit diagram. Insulated Aluminum wires with end insulation removed will do for the probe. Arrange the probes in order on a PVC pipe according to the depth and
immerse it in the tank. AC voltage is use to prevent electrolysis at the probes.
TRANSISTOR( BC148)
A transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch
electronic signals. A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor
material, with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A
voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and its presence is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.