03-02-2017, 11:27 AM
Supercavitation is the use of cavitation effects to create a gas bubble within a liquid large enough to encompass an object traveling through the liquid, greatly reducing the friction friction of the skin on the object and allowing Reach very high speeds. Current applications are mainly limited to very fast supercavitators or torpedoes and some propellers, but in principle the technique could be extended to include whole vehicles. China and the United States Navy are working on supersonic supercavitator submarines.
Applications
In 1960, the USSR began developing a project under the code name "Шквал" (Squall) led by NII-24 (Kiev) to develop a high-speed torpedo, an underwater rocket, four to five times faster than torpedoes In 1972 and 1977, more than 300 launching were carried out (95% of them at Lake Issyk Kul), no later than 29 November 1972 VA-111 Shkval was put into service With mass production initiated in 1978.
In 2004, German gunmaker Diehl BGT Defense announced its own supercavitating torpedo, Barracuda, now officially called "Superkavitierender Unterwasserlaufkörper" (English: "supercavitating underwater running body"). According to Diehl, it reaches more than 400 kilometers per hour (250 mph).
In 1994, the United States Navy began developing a mine-cleaning system invented by C Tech Defense Corporation, known as RAMICS (Rapid Mine Clearance System), based on a stable supercavitante projectile in air and water. These have been produced in diameters of 12.7 millimeters (0.50 in), 20 millimeters (0.79 in) and 30 millimeters (1.2 in). The ballistic terminal design of the projectile allowed it to cause the explosive destruction of sea mines as deep as 45 meters under water with a single round. In 2000, these projectiles were used to successfully destroy a series of live underwater mines when fired from a Sea Cobra helicopter at Aberdeen Proving Ground. RAMICS is currently under development by Northrop Grumman for its introduction into the fleet. The dartboards of German submarine guns (Heckler & Koch P11) and Russian, and other similar weapons are also supercavitating.
In 2005, DARPA announced the 'Underwater Express' program, a research and evaluation tender to establish the potential for overcrowding. The ultimate goal of the program is a new class of underwater craft for coastal missions that can transport small groups of Navy personnel or specialized military cargo at speeds of up to 100 knots. The contracts were awarded to Northrop Grumman and General Dynamics Electric Boat in late 2006. In 2009, DARPA announced the progress through a new class of submarines.
Applications
In 1960, the USSR began developing a project under the code name "Шквал" (Squall) led by NII-24 (Kiev) to develop a high-speed torpedo, an underwater rocket, four to five times faster than torpedoes In 1972 and 1977, more than 300 launching were carried out (95% of them at Lake Issyk Kul), no later than 29 November 1972 VA-111 Shkval was put into service With mass production initiated in 1978.
In 2004, German gunmaker Diehl BGT Defense announced its own supercavitating torpedo, Barracuda, now officially called "Superkavitierender Unterwasserlaufkörper" (English: "supercavitating underwater running body"). According to Diehl, it reaches more than 400 kilometers per hour (250 mph).
In 1994, the United States Navy began developing a mine-cleaning system invented by C Tech Defense Corporation, known as RAMICS (Rapid Mine Clearance System), based on a stable supercavitante projectile in air and water. These have been produced in diameters of 12.7 millimeters (0.50 in), 20 millimeters (0.79 in) and 30 millimeters (1.2 in). The ballistic terminal design of the projectile allowed it to cause the explosive destruction of sea mines as deep as 45 meters under water with a single round. In 2000, these projectiles were used to successfully destroy a series of live underwater mines when fired from a Sea Cobra helicopter at Aberdeen Proving Ground. RAMICS is currently under development by Northrop Grumman for its introduction into the fleet. The dartboards of German submarine guns (Heckler & Koch P11) and Russian, and other similar weapons are also supercavitating.
In 2005, DARPA announced the 'Underwater Express' program, a research and evaluation tender to establish the potential for overcrowding. The ultimate goal of the program is a new class of underwater craft for coastal missions that can transport small groups of Navy personnel or specialized military cargo at speeds of up to 100 knots. The contracts were awarded to Northrop Grumman and General Dynamics Electric Boat in late 2006. In 2009, DARPA announced the progress through a new class of submarines.