19-04-2012, 01:31 PM
Near field communication
Near field communication.docx (Size: 70.01 KB / Downloads: 46)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article's citation style may be unclear. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (September 2011)
An NFC-enabled mobile phone interacting with a SmartPoster
Near field communication, or NFC, allows for simplified transactions, data exchange, and wireless connections between two devices in proximity to each other, usually by no more than a few centimeters.[1] It is expected to become a widely used system for making payments by smartphone in the United States. Many smartphones currently on the market already contain embedded NFC chips that can send encrypted data a short distance ("near field") to a reader located, for instance, next to a retail cash register. Shoppers who have their credit card information stored in their NFC smartphones can pay for purchases by waving their smartphones near or tapping them on the reader, rather than using the actual credit card. Co-invented by NXP Semiconductors and Sony in 2002, NFC technology is being added to a growing number of mobile handsets to enable mobile payments, as well as many other applications.[2]
Though contactless or proximity cards are in use, their market penetration is limited, and bringing NFC to mobiles and other similar platforms may increase usage. NFC cannot be labeled a ‘new’ technology, as Nokia has been active in this line since 2004. Along with Philips and Sony, it has founded the NFC Forum. Participation of 130 countries in this forum clearly signals that NFC is set to become a way of life in the years to come.
The Near Field Communication Forum (NFC Forum) formed in 2004 promotes sharing, pairing, and transactions between NFC devices[3] and develops and certifies device compliance with NFC standards.[4] A smartphone or tablet with an NFC chip could make a credit card payment or serve as keycard or ID card. NFC devices can also read unpowered NFC tags,[5] for example on a museum or retail display. NFC can share a contact, photo, song, application, or video, or pair Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth and WiFi Connections
NFC can be used to initiate higher speed wireless connections for expanded content sharing.[13]
• Bluetooth: Instant Bluetooth Pairing can save searching, waiting, and entering codes. Touch the NFC devices together for instant pairing.[8][13]
• WiFi: Instant WiFi Configuration can configure a device to a WiFi network automatically. Tap an NFC device to an NFC enabled router.[13]
Essential specifications
NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered.[3] A patent licensing program for NFC is currently under development by Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories. A public, platform-independent NFC library is released under the free GNU Lesser General Public License by the name libnfc.
Other standardization bodies
Other standardization bodies that are involved in NFC include:
• ETSI / SCP (Smart Card Platform) to specify the interface between the SIM card and the NFC chipset.
• GlobalPlatform to specify a multi-application architecture of the secure element.
• EMVCo for the impacts on the EMV payment applications
Project trials and full-scale deployments
Several hundred NFC trials have been conducted to date. While NFC trials continue, some firms have moved to full-scale service deployments, spanning either a single country or multiple countries. As a consequence, programs listed below date from 2010 forward and are cited for ease-of-reference. Programs were updated through April 2011. Multi-country deployments include:
Near field communication.docx (Size: 70.01 KB / Downloads: 46)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article's citation style may be unclear. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation, footnoting, or external linking. (September 2011)
An NFC-enabled mobile phone interacting with a SmartPoster
Near field communication, or NFC, allows for simplified transactions, data exchange, and wireless connections between two devices in proximity to each other, usually by no more than a few centimeters.[1] It is expected to become a widely used system for making payments by smartphone in the United States. Many smartphones currently on the market already contain embedded NFC chips that can send encrypted data a short distance ("near field") to a reader located, for instance, next to a retail cash register. Shoppers who have their credit card information stored in their NFC smartphones can pay for purchases by waving their smartphones near or tapping them on the reader, rather than using the actual credit card. Co-invented by NXP Semiconductors and Sony in 2002, NFC technology is being added to a growing number of mobile handsets to enable mobile payments, as well as many other applications.[2]
Though contactless or proximity cards are in use, their market penetration is limited, and bringing NFC to mobiles and other similar platforms may increase usage. NFC cannot be labeled a ‘new’ technology, as Nokia has been active in this line since 2004. Along with Philips and Sony, it has founded the NFC Forum. Participation of 130 countries in this forum clearly signals that NFC is set to become a way of life in the years to come.
The Near Field Communication Forum (NFC Forum) formed in 2004 promotes sharing, pairing, and transactions between NFC devices[3] and develops and certifies device compliance with NFC standards.[4] A smartphone or tablet with an NFC chip could make a credit card payment or serve as keycard or ID card. NFC devices can also read unpowered NFC tags,[5] for example on a museum or retail display. NFC can share a contact, photo, song, application, or video, or pair Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth and WiFi Connections
NFC can be used to initiate higher speed wireless connections for expanded content sharing.[13]
• Bluetooth: Instant Bluetooth Pairing can save searching, waiting, and entering codes. Touch the NFC devices together for instant pairing.[8][13]
• WiFi: Instant WiFi Configuration can configure a device to a WiFi network automatically. Tap an NFC device to an NFC enabled router.[13]
Essential specifications
NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s. NFC always involves an initiator and a target; the initiator actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. This enables NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC peer-to-peer communication is possible, provided both devices are powered.[3] A patent licensing program for NFC is currently under development by Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories. A public, platform-independent NFC library is released under the free GNU Lesser General Public License by the name libnfc.
Other standardization bodies
Other standardization bodies that are involved in NFC include:
• ETSI / SCP (Smart Card Platform) to specify the interface between the SIM card and the NFC chipset.
• GlobalPlatform to specify a multi-application architecture of the secure element.
• EMVCo for the impacts on the EMV payment applications
Project trials and full-scale deployments
Several hundred NFC trials have been conducted to date. While NFC trials continue, some firms have moved to full-scale service deployments, spanning either a single country or multiple countries. As a consequence, programs listed below date from 2010 forward and are cited for ease-of-reference. Programs were updated through April 2011. Multi-country deployments include: