28-08-2017, 04:02 PM
Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and motherboard. On the contrary, the software is instructions that can be stored and executed by hardware. The hardware is driven by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system.
Basic hardware components
• Arithmetic / logic unit
O Contains the electronic circuits necessary to perform arithmetic and logical operations on the data.
• Communication devices
Or Enable a computer to connect to other computers. Devices that allow a computer to connect to other components; Includes modems and network interface cards.
• Control unit
O The component of any computer system that works in coordination with the central processing unit to instruct, maintain and control the flow of information.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
O The component of any computer system that represents the circuits required to interpret and execute program instructions consists of the Control Unit, arithmetic / logic unit and controller. It is the corollary of the brain in organic systems.
• Hardware
O Equipment that introduces, processes, issues and stores data. It consists of input devices, a system unit, output devices, storage devices and communication devices.
• Input devices
O Any computer peripheral used to enter data and / or control signals into a computer system. Some devices, such as modems, are capabile both inbound and outbound.
O Examples of input devices
O Biofeedback Intake Devices: Special equipment such as gloves, body suits and eyeglasses to transfer skin-based movements, temperature, or electrical signals
O Digital cameras record photographs as digital data that can be stored on a computer.
O Digitizer: converts points, lines and curves from a sketch, drawing or photo to digital impulses and transmits them to a computer
O Electronic Whiteboard: Capture anything drawn on a special blackboard
Joystick-uses the movement of a vertical stem to steer the pointer. These are often used with computer games and have buttons that you can press to activate events, depending on the software.
Graphic tablet-similar to a digitizer, but also contains unique characters and commands that can be automatically generated by the person using the tablet
O Image scanner (page scanner): an input device that can electronically capture an entire page of text or images, such as photographs or artwork.
O Keyboard: the most commonly used input device. Enter data by pressing keys on the keyboard
O Stylus: used when touching it on the screen to create or modify graphics
O Microphone: Used to record sound.
O Modem: a device that converts the data into a form suitable for both reception and cable or radio transmission so that it can be rebuilt at the destination point.
O Mouse: A small palm size input device that moves across a flat surface to control the movement of the pointer on the screen
O Pen Input: is used to (1) enter data using characters and handwritten forms that the computer can recognize (2) as a pointing device such as a mouse to select items on the screen, and (3) The pen that issues a command)
O Optical Recognition Devices: Use a light source to read codes, marks and characters and convert them into digital data that can be processed by a computer
O Pointer (control point or isometric signaling device): A small device in the shape of a pencil eraser that moves the insertion point as pressure is applied to the device
O Terminals consist of a keyboard and screen, commonly used for special purpose inputs, such as POS (POS) information input.
O Touchpad (trackpad): A flat rectangular surface that detects the movement of a finger on its surface to control the movement of the insertion point
O Touch Screen: allows you to touch areas of the screen with your fingers to enter data.
Trackball-A pointing device such as a mouse only with the ball on the top of the device instead of the bottom ut system (keyboard, trackpad, etc.).
• ¬Laptop the Notebook or Netbook
O A portable device, integrated in which the central processing unit (CPU), storage (hard disk and / or memory), input system (keyboard, trackpad, etc.), display and various input and output channels (USB, Firewire, Ethernet, WiFi, etc.) are combined into a standalone unit. Laptops or laptops or netbooks are generally smaller than desktop computers, giving loans to their portability.
• Machine cycle
O Machine Cycle or Processor Cycle or Instruction Cycle: The most basic logical mode of operation on a central processing unit (CPU). It consists of four steps that are "executed" continuously at a very high rate of speed: search, decode, execute and store. Only one run cycle per machine cycle can be performed.
• Memory
O Integrated circuits that temporarily store program instructions and data that can be retrieved. Basic memory unit is one byte.
O RAM - a volatile form of memory, RAM generally functions as a "desktop" computer - the space in which data that is being actively reviewed and / or manipulated can be processed. As a result and as a rule of thumb, the more RAM a computer has installed, the faster and faster the data can be viewed and manipulated. RAM must be cyclically "refreshed" from an external power source in order to maintain the information contained therein. When the external power is removed, the contents of the data stored in RAM disappears. For this reason, RAM is sometimes referred to as short-term memory.
ROM (read-only memory): A non-volatile memory, the ROM stores data that does not usually change, such as the startup instructions and data used when connecting a computer for the first time.
O CMOS: Used to store information about the computer system, such as the amount of memory, the type of keyboard and monitors, and the type and capacity of the disk drives.
• Output devices
Or Devices that convert the results of the processed data into a form that can be used and understood by the user. A computer screen is an example of an output device, just like a printer. While a computer screen uses a screen to present visual information in virtual form, a printer produces hard copies, a tangible form of data or information. Audio speakers are another form of output device, turning electronic programming into human-audible sound. Some devices are capable of being output as well as input devices.
O Examples of output devices
O Screen or computer monitor
O Plotter- Designed for line drawing; Often used for computer-aided design; Some drives can handle large paper sizes
O Modem: a device that converts the data into a form suitable for both reception and cable or radio transmission so that it can be rebuilt at the destination point.
O Multifunction Devices-Combines Printer, Fax, Scanner and Copier
O Printers
The Projectors
• Palmtop, PDA or PIM
Often the smallest of computing platforms, these are highly portable computing devices used primarily to organize the task, contact, communications and other data and personally oriented information. These systems often have many of the same resources as a laptop or Netbook: a CPU, storage, input system, display and one or more I / O channels. These devices can be specifically designed, or may have other primary functions, with smartphones being a good example of such a multifunction device.
• Peripheral Devices
O A general term for any device connected to the system unit.
• Storage devices
O Save the instructions and data when not in use by the system unit.
O Examples of storage devices
O CD-ROM (compact disc read-only) - a smaller optical disk that can store about 450 times the data on a floppy disk
Or Data Cartridges: removable hard drives that provide both storage capacity and fast access
O Diskette / unit: a flexible plate covered with material that allows to record the data magnetically in the surface of the plates.
O Hard disk - one or more rigid plates coated with material that allows the data to be magnetically engraved on the surface of the plates.
O Smart Cards: Credit card size and contain a thin microprocessor capable of storing data. They are used as attendance tracking cards, identification cards, telephone cards, etc.
Or Tape Cartidges-containing a long plastic tape, one side of which is coated with a material that can be magnetized to record the binary codes representing data.
• System unit
O Box type case that contains the electronic circuits that cause the data processing. Part of the computer system where the computer is performed. This is where computer programs are run and data manipulated. It consists of the central processing unit (CPU), memory (Random Access Memory-RAM) and other electronic devices.
Basic hardware components
• Arithmetic / logic unit
O Contains the electronic circuits necessary to perform arithmetic and logical operations on the data.
• Communication devices
Or Enable a computer to connect to other computers. Devices that allow a computer to connect to other components; Includes modems and network interface cards.
• Control unit
O The component of any computer system that works in coordination with the central processing unit to instruct, maintain and control the flow of information.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
O The component of any computer system that represents the circuits required to interpret and execute program instructions consists of the Control Unit, arithmetic / logic unit and controller. It is the corollary of the brain in organic systems.
• Hardware
O Equipment that introduces, processes, issues and stores data. It consists of input devices, a system unit, output devices, storage devices and communication devices.
• Input devices
O Any computer peripheral used to enter data and / or control signals into a computer system. Some devices, such as modems, are capabile both inbound and outbound.
O Examples of input devices
O Biofeedback Intake Devices: Special equipment such as gloves, body suits and eyeglasses to transfer skin-based movements, temperature, or electrical signals
O Digital cameras record photographs as digital data that can be stored on a computer.
O Digitizer: converts points, lines and curves from a sketch, drawing or photo to digital impulses and transmits them to a computer
O Electronic Whiteboard: Capture anything drawn on a special blackboard
Joystick-uses the movement of a vertical stem to steer the pointer. These are often used with computer games and have buttons that you can press to activate events, depending on the software.
Graphic tablet-similar to a digitizer, but also contains unique characters and commands that can be automatically generated by the person using the tablet
O Image scanner (page scanner): an input device that can electronically capture an entire page of text or images, such as photographs or artwork.
O Keyboard: the most commonly used input device. Enter data by pressing keys on the keyboard
O Stylus: used when touching it on the screen to create or modify graphics
O Microphone: Used to record sound.
O Modem: a device that converts the data into a form suitable for both reception and cable or radio transmission so that it can be rebuilt at the destination point.
O Mouse: A small palm size input device that moves across a flat surface to control the movement of the pointer on the screen
O Pen Input: is used to (1) enter data using characters and handwritten forms that the computer can recognize (2) as a pointing device such as a mouse to select items on the screen, and (3) The pen that issues a command)
O Optical Recognition Devices: Use a light source to read codes, marks and characters and convert them into digital data that can be processed by a computer
O Pointer (control point or isometric signaling device): A small device in the shape of a pencil eraser that moves the insertion point as pressure is applied to the device
O Terminals consist of a keyboard and screen, commonly used for special purpose inputs, such as POS (POS) information input.
O Touchpad (trackpad): A flat rectangular surface that detects the movement of a finger on its surface to control the movement of the insertion point
O Touch Screen: allows you to touch areas of the screen with your fingers to enter data.
Trackball-A pointing device such as a mouse only with the ball on the top of the device instead of the bottom ut system (keyboard, trackpad, etc.).
• ¬Laptop the Notebook or Netbook
O A portable device, integrated in which the central processing unit (CPU), storage (hard disk and / or memory), input system (keyboard, trackpad, etc.), display and various input and output channels (USB, Firewire, Ethernet, WiFi, etc.) are combined into a standalone unit. Laptops or laptops or netbooks are generally smaller than desktop computers, giving loans to their portability.
• Machine cycle
O Machine Cycle or Processor Cycle or Instruction Cycle: The most basic logical mode of operation on a central processing unit (CPU). It consists of four steps that are "executed" continuously at a very high rate of speed: search, decode, execute and store. Only one run cycle per machine cycle can be performed.
• Memory
O Integrated circuits that temporarily store program instructions and data that can be retrieved. Basic memory unit is one byte.
O RAM - a volatile form of memory, RAM generally functions as a "desktop" computer - the space in which data that is being actively reviewed and / or manipulated can be processed. As a result and as a rule of thumb, the more RAM a computer has installed, the faster and faster the data can be viewed and manipulated. RAM must be cyclically "refreshed" from an external power source in order to maintain the information contained therein. When the external power is removed, the contents of the data stored in RAM disappears. For this reason, RAM is sometimes referred to as short-term memory.
ROM (read-only memory): A non-volatile memory, the ROM stores data that does not usually change, such as the startup instructions and data used when connecting a computer for the first time.
O CMOS: Used to store information about the computer system, such as the amount of memory, the type of keyboard and monitors, and the type and capacity of the disk drives.
• Output devices
Or Devices that convert the results of the processed data into a form that can be used and understood by the user. A computer screen is an example of an output device, just like a printer. While a computer screen uses a screen to present visual information in virtual form, a printer produces hard copies, a tangible form of data or information. Audio speakers are another form of output device, turning electronic programming into human-audible sound. Some devices are capable of being output as well as input devices.
O Examples of output devices
O Screen or computer monitor
O Plotter- Designed for line drawing; Often used for computer-aided design; Some drives can handle large paper sizes
O Modem: a device that converts the data into a form suitable for both reception and cable or radio transmission so that it can be rebuilt at the destination point.
O Multifunction Devices-Combines Printer, Fax, Scanner and Copier
O Printers
The Projectors
• Palmtop, PDA or PIM
Often the smallest of computing platforms, these are highly portable computing devices used primarily to organize the task, contact, communications and other data and personally oriented information. These systems often have many of the same resources as a laptop or Netbook: a CPU, storage, input system, display and one or more I / O channels. These devices can be specifically designed, or may have other primary functions, with smartphones being a good example of such a multifunction device.
• Peripheral Devices
O A general term for any device connected to the system unit.
• Storage devices
O Save the instructions and data when not in use by the system unit.
O Examples of storage devices
O CD-ROM (compact disc read-only) - a smaller optical disk that can store about 450 times the data on a floppy disk
Or Data Cartridges: removable hard drives that provide both storage capacity and fast access
O Diskette / unit: a flexible plate covered with material that allows to record the data magnetically in the surface of the plates.
O Hard disk - one or more rigid plates coated with material that allows the data to be magnetically engraved on the surface of the plates.
O Smart Cards: Credit card size and contain a thin microprocessor capable of storing data. They are used as attendance tracking cards, identification cards, telephone cards, etc.
Or Tape Cartidges-containing a long plastic tape, one side of which is coated with a material that can be magnetized to record the binary codes representing data.
• System unit
O Box type case that contains the electronic circuits that cause the data processing. Part of the computer system where the computer is performed. This is where computer programs are run and data manipulated. It consists of the central processing unit (CPU), memory (Random Access Memory-RAM) and other electronic devices.