22-06-2012, 03:46 PM
NanoTechnology
4.NANO TECHNOLOGY.doc (Size: 1.59 MB / Downloads: 59)
INTRODUCTION
Nano is a Greek prefix that defines the smallest (1000 times smaller then micrometer) natural structures. It is building with indent &design, molecule by molecule, these two things:
Incredibly advanced extremely capable nanoscale machines & computers.
Ordinary size objects, using other incredibly small machines called assemblers. Nanotechnology can be created at nanoscale & to perform new & improved functions.
It is going to be responsible for massive changes in the way we live, the way interact with one another & our environment.
SPECIALIZED NANOTECHNOLOGY FACILITIES & CAPABILITIES
Nanotechnology is both the means to an end-an enables of accomplishments in truly
diverse mix of science & engineering field. It is a revolution in industry that deliver wave
after wave of innovative products and services.
a. Molecular measuring machine (m^3)
Nist conceived two –dimensional co- ordinate measuring machine can measure with
nanometer level with accuracy, locations, distance and features sizes over a 50mm by
50mm area, an enormous expense in the nanotechnology world .It uses a high – precision
inferometer.
b. Pulsed inductive Micro wave Magnetometer (PIMM)
Using PIMM, nanostuctured materials are used to record data in extremely small bits (at sizes below 160 square nm per bit), now can assess quickly the composition and growth conditions that promote high speed response, permitting the development of future magnetic memories that read and write data at sustained speeds in excess of 1 billions bits per second.
c. Carbon Wires expand Nano toolkit
Scientists looking for building blocks to form electronics & machines that are not much bigger than molecules have garned a new tool, Japan have found a way to make carbon nanowires that measure only a few carbon atoms across. CNW could eventually be used in ultra-stronger fibers, as friction-free bearings &in space shuttle nose –cones. Carbon nanotubes are very strongly having useful electrical properties, because they are solid, and they should be even stronger than nanotubes. They could be used in nanoelectronics as microscopic machine parts, and in materials constructed molecules by molecule.
d.Nanotubes boost storage: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes to make denser, more efficient data Storage devices. It was possible to use multiwalled carbonnanotubes tips rather then silicon to write data on to a polymer film. Binary data is written by heating the polymer to make indentation that represent 1s; blank space represent 0s.nanotubes tips can be used to write more than 250 gigabytes.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AT NASA
Advanced miniaturization is a key thrust area to enable new science and exploration missions
Ultra small sensors, power sources, communication, navigation, and propulsion systems with very low mass, volume and power consumption are needed
Revolutions in electronics and computing will allow reconfigurable, autonomous, "thinking" spacecraft
Nanotechnology presents a whole new spectrum of opportunities to build device components and systems for entirely new space architectures
Networks of ultra small probes on planetary surfaces
Micro-rovers that drive, hop, fly, and burrow
Collection of micro spacecraft making a variety of measurements
The Nanorover Technology Task is a technology development effort to create very small (10-100s of grams) but scientifically capable robotic vehicles for planetary exploration, which can easily fit within the mass and/or volume constraints of future missions to asteroids, comets, and Mars. The task objective is twofold:
• to create a useful rover system using current-generation technology including mobility, computation, power, and communications within a mass of a few hundred grams, and
• to advance selected technologies which offer breakthroughs in size reduction, mobility, or science return to enable complete rovers to be built with a mass well under 100 grams.
Key Technology Elements
• Miniaturization of all rover systems including science payload
• Computer/electronics design for operation without thermal enclosure and control to survive ambient temperature ranges of -125C to +125C
• Miniature actuator usage and control in thermal/vacuum environments
• Mobility and navigation in low-gravity (1/100,000 of Earth) environments
• Sensing and autonomous control of rover operations
NANOELECTROMECHANICALSYSTEM:
NEMS converts mechanical energy in to electrical or optical signals and vice versa. The principle components are mechanical elements and transducers. Mechanical elements can be used to sense static or time-varying forces. NEMS dissipate very little energy. NEMS extremely sensitive to external damping Mechanisms, for building much type of sensors. It is used for wide range of sensing applications. Small size of NEMS also implies that have a highly localized spatial response. Driving a NEMS at Pico watt scale could cause SNR up to 10^6.
4.NANO TECHNOLOGY.doc (Size: 1.59 MB / Downloads: 59)
INTRODUCTION
Nano is a Greek prefix that defines the smallest (1000 times smaller then micrometer) natural structures. It is building with indent &design, molecule by molecule, these two things:
Incredibly advanced extremely capable nanoscale machines & computers.
Ordinary size objects, using other incredibly small machines called assemblers. Nanotechnology can be created at nanoscale & to perform new & improved functions.
It is going to be responsible for massive changes in the way we live, the way interact with one another & our environment.
SPECIALIZED NANOTECHNOLOGY FACILITIES & CAPABILITIES
Nanotechnology is both the means to an end-an enables of accomplishments in truly
diverse mix of science & engineering field. It is a revolution in industry that deliver wave
after wave of innovative products and services.
a. Molecular measuring machine (m^3)
Nist conceived two –dimensional co- ordinate measuring machine can measure with
nanometer level with accuracy, locations, distance and features sizes over a 50mm by
50mm area, an enormous expense in the nanotechnology world .It uses a high – precision
inferometer.
b. Pulsed inductive Micro wave Magnetometer (PIMM)
Using PIMM, nanostuctured materials are used to record data in extremely small bits (at sizes below 160 square nm per bit), now can assess quickly the composition and growth conditions that promote high speed response, permitting the development of future magnetic memories that read and write data at sustained speeds in excess of 1 billions bits per second.
c. Carbon Wires expand Nano toolkit
Scientists looking for building blocks to form electronics & machines that are not much bigger than molecules have garned a new tool, Japan have found a way to make carbon nanowires that measure only a few carbon atoms across. CNW could eventually be used in ultra-stronger fibers, as friction-free bearings &in space shuttle nose –cones. Carbon nanotubes are very strongly having useful electrical properties, because they are solid, and they should be even stronger than nanotubes. They could be used in nanoelectronics as microscopic machine parts, and in materials constructed molecules by molecule.
d.Nanotubes boost storage: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes to make denser, more efficient data Storage devices. It was possible to use multiwalled carbonnanotubes tips rather then silicon to write data on to a polymer film. Binary data is written by heating the polymer to make indentation that represent 1s; blank space represent 0s.nanotubes tips can be used to write more than 250 gigabytes.
NANOTECHNOLOGY AT NASA
Advanced miniaturization is a key thrust area to enable new science and exploration missions
Ultra small sensors, power sources, communication, navigation, and propulsion systems with very low mass, volume and power consumption are needed
Revolutions in electronics and computing will allow reconfigurable, autonomous, "thinking" spacecraft
Nanotechnology presents a whole new spectrum of opportunities to build device components and systems for entirely new space architectures
Networks of ultra small probes on planetary surfaces
Micro-rovers that drive, hop, fly, and burrow
Collection of micro spacecraft making a variety of measurements
The Nanorover Technology Task is a technology development effort to create very small (10-100s of grams) but scientifically capable robotic vehicles for planetary exploration, which can easily fit within the mass and/or volume constraints of future missions to asteroids, comets, and Mars. The task objective is twofold:
• to create a useful rover system using current-generation technology including mobility, computation, power, and communications within a mass of a few hundred grams, and
• to advance selected technologies which offer breakthroughs in size reduction, mobility, or science return to enable complete rovers to be built with a mass well under 100 grams.
Key Technology Elements
• Miniaturization of all rover systems including science payload
• Computer/electronics design for operation without thermal enclosure and control to survive ambient temperature ranges of -125C to +125C
• Miniature actuator usage and control in thermal/vacuum environments
• Mobility and navigation in low-gravity (1/100,000 of Earth) environments
• Sensing and autonomous control of rover operations
NANOELECTROMECHANICALSYSTEM:
NEMS converts mechanical energy in to electrical or optical signals and vice versa. The principle components are mechanical elements and transducers. Mechanical elements can be used to sense static or time-varying forces. NEMS dissipate very little energy. NEMS extremely sensitive to external damping Mechanisms, for building much type of sensors. It is used for wide range of sensing applications. Small size of NEMS also implies that have a highly localized spatial response. Driving a NEMS at Pico watt scale could cause SNR up to 10^6.